بررسی تاثیر کاربرد اسید آمینه، اسید فولویک و عصاره جلبک دریایی در شرایط نرمال و تنش خشکی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گندم در منطقه بهبهان

به منظور بررسی اثر کاربرد محرک‌های رشد گیاهی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گندم در شرایط نرمال تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های یک‌بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی بهبهان به مدت یک سال زراعی (97-1396) اجرا شد. کرت اصلی دور آبیاری در دو سطح 70 و 130 میلی‌متر تبخیر تجمعی از تشتک تبخیر کلاس a و کرت فرعی در چهار سطح شامل کاربرد محرک‌های رشد گیاهی اسید آمینه، اسید فولویک و عصاره جلبک دریایی و شاهد (کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی مطابق آزمون خاک) بودند. اسید آمینه، اسید فولویک و عصاره جلبک دریایی بصورت محلول‌پاشی با غلظت 5 در هزار در دو مرحله پنجه زنی و ظهور سنبله استفاده شدند. محرک‌های رشد صرف نظر از نوع ماده مصرفی سبب افزایش معنی‌دار عملکرد دانه نسبت به شاهد گردید. بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد و دانه در مصرف اسید آمینه بدست آمد. مصرف اسید آمینه باعث بیشترین افزایش معنی‌دار نیتروژن، پتاسیم و آهن دانه نسبت به شاهد شد در حالی‌که عصاره جلبک دریایی باعث حداکثر افزایش معنی‌دار فسفر، روی و منگنز دانه نسبت به شاهد گردید. تنش خشکی باعث کاهش معنی‌دار ارتفاع بوته، تعداد سنبله در متر مربع، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه و عناصر غذایی دانه شد. هم‌چنین تنش خشکی باعث کاهش معنی‌دار عناصر غذایی دانه شد. اثر متقابل دور آبیاری و کاربرد محرک‌های رشد بر روی عملکرد دانه نشان داد که مصرف محرک‌های رشد نه تنها سبب جبران تنش خشکی شدند، بلکه کاربرد اسید آمینه و جلبک دریایی در شرایط تنش خشکی موجب افزایش معنی‌دار عملکرد دانه نسبت به عدم مصرف این ترکیبات در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب شدند. بنابراین، استفاده از اسید آمینه یا جلبک دریایی به عنوان راهکاری مناسب جهت افزایش عملکرد گندم در شرایط نرمال و تنش خشکی توصیه می‌شوند.

Evaluation the effect of amini acid, fulvic acid and seaweed extract application in normal and drought stress conditions on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wheat in Behbahan region

IntroductionWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the important crops in our country. this plant contains starch, protein, sugar and provides food for human population. In recent years, drought stress has become the main abiotic stress, and could decrease growth and yield of wheat. The application of biostimulants, i.e. amino acids, fulvic acid or seaweed extract were found to positive effect on plant growth which overcomes the harmful effect of some environmental stress such as drought. In recent years, the favorable effects of these substances on vegetative characteristics, yield and grain quality of wheat have been reported. Many studies have shown that the application of biostimulants can increase plant tolerance during abiotic stresses, especially water deficit. Little research have been done about the effects of biostimulants on wheat in Khuzestan yet. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of amini acid, fulvic acid and seaweed extract in drought stress on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wheat. Materials and methodsThis experiment was conducted as splitplot in randomized complete block design with three replications at Behbahan Agricultural Research Station for one year (20172018). Irrigation interval considered as main factor in two levels: (70 mm and 130 mm evaporation from class A pan) and the sub factor was growth biostimulants in four levels :control (application of chemical fertilizers according to soil test), amino acid, fulvic acid and seaweed extract. Foliar application of amino ccid, fulvic acid and seaweed extract was done at a concentration of 0.5 % at two stages, tillering and heading. During experiment: plant height, number of spikes per m2, number of grain per spike, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, manganes and iron were recorded. Varince analysis were done by MSTATC statistical software and meanes were compared using Duncan,s Multiple Range Test. Results and discussionThe results showed a significant increase in grain yield in plants treated with biostimulants compared with control. The highest plant height, number of spikes per m2, number of grain per spike, 1000grain weight and grain yield were recorded in amino acid treatment. The highest increase in N, K and grain Fe was achieved by amino acid while the highest increase in P, Zn and Mn of grain was obtained by seaweed extract compared with control. The results indicated that water deficit stress significantly reduced plant height, number of spikes per m2, 1000 seed weight, grain yield and nutrients. Also, drought stress significantly reduced grain nutrient uptake. Intreraction of the irrigation levels and biostimulants on grain yield indicated that all biostimulants significantly increased the yield in drought stress. The application of amino acids and seaweeds significantly increased grain yield in compared with both controls (under water deficit stress and under water normal conditions) while the use of fulvic acid significantly increased grain yield in comparison to control under water deficit stress. Therefore, the application of amino acid and seaweed extract reduced the effects of water deficit stress. ConclusionsThe results of this study showed that increasing water deficit stress caused significant reduction of all studied traits. However, the application of amino acid and seaweed extract reduced the effects of water deficit stress and increased these traits compared with control under favorable irrigation condition. According to the results, the application of amino acid or seaweed extract is recommended in normal and drought stress condition for wheat cv brat.