اثر پرایمینگ بذر و محلول‌پاشی برگی مواد ضد تنش بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی نخود (.cicer arietinum l) رقم عادل تحت رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری

به منظور بررسی اثر پرایمینگ و محلول‌پاشی برگی مواد ضد تنش بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی رقم نخود عادل تحت رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. عوامل مورد برسی شامل رژیم‌های آبیاری درسه سطح: 1 آبیاری مطلوب 2 کم‌آبیاری متوسط 3 کم‌آبیاری شدید به ترتیب به صورت قطع آبیاری تا تخلیه 20، 45 و 70 درصد آب قابل استفاده خاک در منطقه توسعه ریشه و سپس آبیاری تا حد ظرفیت زراعی از زمان گلدهی تا برداشت گیاه به عنوان عامل اصلی و پرایمینگ و محلول‌پاشی مواد ضد تنش (اسیدهای آمینه پرولین، والین، آلانین، ترکیب تجاری و آب مقطر) همراه با تیمار عدم کاربرد مواد ضد تنش به عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد تنش‌کم‌آبی و مواد ضد تنش تاثیر معنی‌داری بر صفات مدت زمان رسیدگی، تعداد شاخه اولیه، وزن تر تک بوته، محتوی کلروفیلa ، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در بوته، عملکرد علوفه و عملکرد بیولوژیک داشت. برهمکنش آبیاری و مواد ضد تنش روی محتوی کلروفیل‌b معنی‌دار بود. هرچند که کم‌آبی باعث کاهش در صفات مورد مطالعه شد اما پرایمینگ و محلول‌پاشی مواد ضد تنش با ایجاد تحمل در گیاه باعث شد گیاه دیرتر با شرایط تنش رطوبتی مواجه شده و در نتیجه عملکرد بهتری تولید کند.

The effect of seed priming and foliar application of anti-stress materials on quantitative and qualitative yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Adel cultivar under irrigation regimes

IntroductionThe chickpea is mainly cultivated in agricultural systems in arid and semiarid regions and needs low input. Specifications such as the ability to fix nitrogen, deep rooting and the effective use of atmospheric depression have led the plant to play an important role in stabilizing crop production systems. On average chickpea seed contain 23% protein is highly digestible. Water deficit stress is the most important factor limiting the growth and agricultural products in arid and semiarid regions of the world. Drought stress is one of the most important factors in grain yield reduction of chickpea during pod formation and grain filling. Amino acids facilitate the transfer of food in the vascular system by improving the permeability of the cell membrane. In plants under drought stress or salinity, proline is widely used as an osmotic regulator. In fact, amino acids are the main chain in the protein structure, and in turn, are effective in plant growth. Increased proline in chickpea leaves is a mechanism for osmotic adjustment under water stress conditions. Using the priming method is one of the methods for improving seed function and increasing the quality of seeds in adverse environmental conditions, In fact, priming shortens the time from planting to emergence and protects seed of harmful biotic and abiotic factors in the critical stage of seedling establishment. These treatments also result in the emergence of uniformity, resulting in a uniform establishment and improved yield in the crop. Materials and methodsIn order to study the effect of Antistress materials priming and foliar application on quantitative and qualitative yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Adel cultivar under Irrigation regime an experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Agriculture of Tarbiat Modares University as randomized complete block design arrangement in split plot with three replications. The main plots were included 1 optimal irrigation 2 Moderate Irrigation 3 severe Irrigation as withholding irrigation until depletion of 20, 45 and 70 percent of soil available water at root development zone respectively and then the plots were irrigated to field capacity from flowering to plant harvest. Priming and foliar application of antistress materials including proline, valine, alanine, commercial combination of amino acids and distilled water together with without antistress materials were randomized to the subplot units.ResultsThe results showed that priming and foliar application of antistress materials and optimal irrigation incresed the number of primary branches to the 58.31% and 36.38%, plant fresh weight to the 108.25% and 36.16%, chlorophyll a to the 40.90% and 68.35%, number of seeds/plant to the 74.48% and 34.66%, pod per plant to the 48.13% and 45.12%, duration of ripening to the 9.53% and 8.65, yield forage to the 30.56% and 39.44%, biological yield to the 65.16% and 44.82% in chekpea in compring with using severe irrigation and without priming and antistress materials foliar application treatments repectively. Also 1000 kernel weight and harvest index were increased %20.67 and 27.82% in optimal irrigation related to severe irrigation. Interaction effects between irrigation regimes and antistress materials on chlorophyll b showed that the highest rate chlorophyll b related to optimal irrigation with using commercial amino acids to to the 80% and the least it related to severe irrigation without antistress materials to the 24%. Application of amino acids was significant in most traits such as number of primary branches, plant fresh weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, Number of seeds/plant, pod per plant, duration of ripening, yield forage, biological yield. ConclusionDrought stress reduced photosynthesis and limited the amount of assimilate and thus reduced the yield and yield components In this experiment. In most cases, the application of priming and foliar application of amino acids had a positive effect on the traits, including number of primary branches, plant fresh weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, number of seeds/plant, pod per plant, duration of ripening, yield forage, biological yield at drought stress condition. Therefore, the use of amino acids, especially its commercial combination or proline, is recommended to reduce the effects of water deficit stress in the chickpea Adel cultivar.