بررسی اثر سدیم نیتروپروساید در کاهش سمیت ناشی از کادمیوم در گیاه ریحان (.Ocimum Basilicum L)

این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثر سدیم نیتروپروساید در کاهش سمیت ناشی از کادمیوم در گیاه ریحان به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سال 97-1396 اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای اعمال شده در این تحقیق شامل کادمیوم در سطوح صفر (شاهد)، 10، 20 و 30 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم خاک و محلول‌پاشی سدیم نیتروپروساید در سطوح صفر (شاهد)، 50 و 100 میکرومولار بود. صفات اندازه‌گیری شامل ارتفاع بوته، خشک بوته، تعداد برگ در بوته، درصد اسانس، مالون دی آلدئید، فعالیت آنزیم آنتی‌اکسیدان سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، پرولین و غلظت کادمیوم بود. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که کادمیوم باعث کاهش ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک بوته، تعداد برگ در بوته، درصد اسانس و فعالیت سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و افزایش پرولین، غلظت کادمیوم و مالون دی آلدئید شد. بیشترین تاثیر کادمیوم در تیمار 30 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم خاک به دست آمد. همچنین مشاهده شد که کاربرد سدیم نیتروپروساید توانست موجب افزایش ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک بوته، تعداد برگ در بوته، درصد اسانس و فعالیت سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و کاهش پرولین، غلظت کادمیوم و مالون دی آلدئید شود، به طور کلی بیشترین تاثیر مثبت در کاربرد 100 میکرومولار سدیم نیتروپروساید حاصل گردید. بر اساس نتایج، محلول‌پاشی سدیم نیتروپروساید توانست باعث بهبود خصوصیات رویشی و کاهش مالون دی آلدئید در شرایط تنش فلز سنگین کادمیوم گردد. می‌توان از نتایج به دست آمده به اثرات مثبت سدیم نیتروپروساید به خصوص در شرایط حضور کادمیوم و کاهش اثرات منفی ناشی از آن تنش در گیاه دارویی ریحان پی برد. بنابراین کاربرد 100 میکرومولار سدیم نیتروپروساید برای تعدیل بخشیدن اثرات منفی ناشی از تنش فلز سنگین کادمیوم پیشنهاد می‌گردد.

Investigating the effect of sodium nitroprusside in reducing cadmium toxicity in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plant

Introduction Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a plant that is cultivated for the first time due to the aroma, extra taste and healing properties. In the medical industry, it is used to treat nerve headaches, calming nerves, fever, diarrhea, and antinausea and vomiting. One of the serious environmental problems is soil contamination with heavy metals and has negative effects on human health and agricultural lands. Soil pollution to heavy metals is the result of many human activities such as mining, extraction and melting of metals and the using of fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural fungicides, etc. which endangers human health and ecosystems. The major problem with heavy metals is that these inorganic pollutants are not decomposable, in contrast to organic pollutants. Among heavy metals, cadmium is of particular importance due to the high mobility and dynamism in the soil and absorption by the plant. Many of the agricultural soils of the world have been contaminated due to the longterm using of phosphate fertilizers, sewage sludge, etc. with low to moderate concentrations of cadmium. Sodium nitroprusside is one of the compounds recently tested to reduce the effects of stress on plants. Sodium nitroprusside is a nitric oxidereleasing compound whose role in plants has been the subject of many research studies. This compound is red powder and is a plant growth regulator.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium nitroprusside foliar application as a reducing agent on heavy metals stress on growth, vegetative, physiological, antioxidant enzymes and essential oil content of basil plant with different amounts of heavy metal cadmium. Materials and methods This research to investigate the role of sodium nitroprusside in reducing cadmium toxicity in basil plant in a factorial form in a completely randomized design in 20172018 was conducted. The applied factors in this study were included cadmium at 0 (control), 10, 20 and 30 mg.kg1 soil and sodium nitroprusside solution at 0 (control), 50 and 100 μM. The measured traits were included plant height, plant dry weight, number of leaves per plant, essential oil percent, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase antioxidant activity, proline and cadmium concentration. Results and discussion The obtained results showed that cadmium was decreased plant height, plant dry weight, number of leaves per plant, essential oil percent and superoxide dismutase activity, and was increased Proline cadmium and malondialdehyde concentrates. The most effect of cadmium on 30 mg.kg1 treatment was obtained. It was also observed that Sodium nitroprusside using was increased plant height, plant dry weight, number of leaves per plant, essential oil percent and superoxide dismutase activity, and was decreased Proline, cadmium and malondialdehyde concentrations, in general, the most positive effect was obtained in 100 μM sodium nitroprusside using. Based on the results, sodium nitroprusside foliar application could improve the vegetative properties and reduce malondialdehyde under heavy metal cadmium stress conditions. According to the the results, it can be founded the positive effects of sodium nitroprusside, especially in the presence of cadmium and reducing the negative effects of stress on the basil drug. Conclusion It can be concluded that sodium nitroprusside moderates much of the harmful effects of heavy metal cadmium stress in basil plant and improves plant growth under stress conditions. Therefore, in the range of this study results, foliar application of this material on a stressed basal plant can be suggested as a factor for decreasing stress intensity and subsequently increasing yield.