اثر محلول‌پاشی دی‌اکسید تیتانیوم بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی مریم‌گلی (.salvia officinalis l) تحت تنش خشکی

یکی از راه‌های مقابله با اثر مخرب خشکی استفاده از تکنولوژی‌های به‌روز و مدرنی چون علم نانو است. این آزمایش به‌منظور بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی نانو دی‌اکسید ‌تیتانیوم بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژی و فعالیت ترکیبات آنتی‌اکسیدانی مریم‌گلی تحت تنش خشکی انجام شد. این تحقیق در سال 1395 به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل تنش خشکی (آبیاری در حد ظرفیت زراعی، تخلیه 50 و 75 درصد رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی) و محلول‌پاشی با نانو دی‌اکسید‌ تیتانیوم (صفر (شاهد)، 50 و 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) بود. بر اساس نتایج حاصله، بالاترین مقدار ماده خشک (6.67 گرم) و کلروفیل a، b و کل برگ (به ترتیب 2.45، 2.08 و 4.62 میلی‌گرم بر وزن تر) در گیاهان محلول‌پاشی شده با 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانو دی‌اکسید تیتانیوم به دست آمد و بیشترین غلظت پرولین (15/5 میلی‌گرم بر وزن تر) و فعالیت ترکیبات آنتی‌اکسیدانی شامل: مقدار فنل کل (14.49 میلی‌گرم بر وزن تر)، آنزیم‌های پراکسیداز (4.48 میلی‌گرم بر وزن تر)، آسکوربات ‌پراکسیداز (0.60 میلی‌گرم بر وزن تر)، گایاکول پراکسیداز (0.60 میلی‌گرم بر وزن تر)، سوپراکسید دیسموتاز (5.53 میلی‌گرم بر وزن تر) و کاتالاز (5.65 میلی‌گرم بر وزن تر) در گیاهان آبیاری شده پس از تخلیه 75 درصد رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی و محلول‌پاشی شده با غلظت 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نانو تیتانیوم حاصل شد. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده می‌توان بیان کرد که نانو دی‌اکسید تیتانیوم به دلیل اندازه کوچک ذرات و امکان نفوذ راحت‌تر به برگ می‌تواند بر برخی ویژگی‌های رشد مریم‌گلی موثر باشد.

Effect of titanium dioxide spraying on physiological characteristics of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) under water stress

Introduction The Salvia is a large genus with about 58 species from Lamiaceae family in Iran. It has been wellknown in pharmacopeia that has been used with special attention in the ancient era. The Essential oils, terpenoids, derivatives of phenolics acids and flavonoids are the main secondary metabolite constituents in Salvia species. The Pharmaceutical properties of the Salvia plants are mainly due to antioxidant activities of their secondary metabolites. It has various applications in Pharmaceutical, foods, hygieniccosmetics and perfume industries as well as utilized in beverages as flavor. The species of Salvia officinalis is a perennial medicinal herb from Lamiaceae family. The origin of salvia species has been reported in the northern Mediterranean and North Africa zones. The most important constituents of the essential oil are included: Tujan (3050%), Cineol (1015%), Camphor (610%) and Borneol (6 to 14%). Recently, it has been reported that the essential oil of the S. officinalis, especially some of its compounds, including Cineol, Tujan, Camphor, have an antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer properties. Drought is the most harmful factor of crops and medicinal plants production in the arid and semiarid eras which has a negative impact on all aspects of plant growth and production. Also, in the plants exposed to severe soil dry the photosynthetic apparatus activities were damaged or impaired, leading to a decrease of photosynthetic capacity and lipid oxidation is increased in these conditions. Therefore, the use of mechanisms that lead to losses of this tension can be useful. One way to deal with the devastating effects of drought is the use of up to date and modern technologies such as Nano science.Nanotitanium dioxide has beneficial effects on the growth, physiological processes and activities of the plant metabolism.This study was to evaluate the effect of titanium dioxide spray on some physiological characteristics and activities of antioxidant enzymes sage was conducted under drought stress. Materials and methods This study was conducted in 2017 at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol a factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental treatments was included drought stress (irrigated in Field capacity, depletion of soil water content up to 50% and 75% of FC condition) and foliar Nano Titanium dioxide spray (Control, 50 and 100 mg.l1). Physiological traits (Chlorophyll a, b and T. chlorophyll, Total phenol, Proline) and activities of antioxidant enzymes (Peroxidase (POD), Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) were estimated in this experiment. Results Based on the results, increasing of stress severity reduced some traits, So that the soil’s water content lose to the 75% of the field capacity led to decrease in dry matter, Chlorophyll a, b and T.Chlorophyll of the plant’s leaf. However, total phenolic content, Proline concentration, the Peroxidase (POD), Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) activities were increased. Also, the results of simple effects of foliar application levels showed that by increasing the concentration of foliar application, the traits were increased, so that The highest Chlorophyll a and relative water content of leaf was obtained in plants treated with 100 mg.l1 TiO2 and on the other hand, the results of reciprocal effects showed The highest phenolic content, Proline concentration, and the activities of POD, APX, GPX, SOD and CAT were obtained in plants subtended in depletion of soil water content up to 75% of FC and sprayed with 100 and mg.l1 TiO2. Conclusion According to the results it could be stated that due to the small size of TiO2 particles and easier penetration into the leaf it can affects growth and photosynthetic properties of sage and by reduced the lipid peroxidation, through increasing the antioxidant defense system activities and the content of osmotic regulators (Proline) of the plant and consequently, leads to cells’ structures stability against water stress.