اثر محلول پاشی آهن و روی به فرم‌های سولفاته و نانو ذرات بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی نعناع فلفلی (.Mentha Piperita L) تحت تنش شوری

به‌منظور بررسی تاثیر محلول‌پاشی آهن و روی به فرم‌های سولفاته و نانو ذرات بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی نعناع فلفلی تحت تاثیر تنش شوری، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد اجرا شد. عامل اول شامل: تنش شوری در چهار سطح (صفر، 40، 80، 120 میلی مولار nacl) و عامل دوم شامل: محلول پاشی کود در پنج سطح (شاهد (بدون کاربرد کود)، سولفات آهن 1500 میلی‌گرم در لیتر، سولفات‌ روی 1500 میلی گرم در لیتر، نانو اکسید آهن 300 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و نانو اکسید روی 300 میلی گرم در لیتر) بود. نتایج نشان داد که تنش شوری بر شاخص های رشدی و بیوشیمیایی نعناع فلفلی تاثیر معنی داری داشت و سبب کاهش صفات مورد بررسی شد. همچنین بررسی اثر متقابل داد ه ها نشان داد که بیشترین میزان شاخص‌های رشد و محتوای کلروفیل در تیمارهای شاهد (بدون تنش شوری) و تنش ملایم (40 میلی‌مولار) همراه با محلول پاشی نانو کود آهن و روی حاصل شد. به‌طوری‌که بیشترین ارتفاع بوته (78 سانتی متر)، تعداد شاخه فرعی (36 شاخه در بوته) و طول برگ (6 سانتی متر) مربوط به تیمار شاهد (بدون تنش شوری) و محلول پاشی نانو کود آهن بود. درحالی‌که بیشترین عرض برگ (2.16 سانتی متر) در تنش ملایم 40 میلی مولار همراه با کاربرد نانو کود آهن به دست آمد که تفاوت معنی‌داری با کاربرد کودهای نانو در تیمار شاهد نداشت. بیشترین میزان کربوهیدرات‌های محلول با مقدار 1.28 و 1.12 میلی گرم در گرم وزن خشک به ترتیب در شرایط تنش شوری 40 و 80 میلی مولار همراه با کاربرد نانو کود آهن به دست آمد. به‌طورکلی می توان گفت که مصرف نانو کود آهن و روی نسبت به شکل سولفاته آن در شرایط تنش شوری ملایم (40 میلی مولار) می تواند باعث افزایش رشد گیاه و بهبود خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی نعناع فلفلی شود.

The effects of iron and zinc spraying in sulfate and nano forms on morphological and biochemical properties of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) under salinity stress

Introduction Salinity after drought stress is one of the important stress around world including Iran. Salinity causes interrupt in cell division and growth and affect all metabolic reactions in plant. Consuming micronutrient could increase the resistance of the plant against negative effects of salinity. The medicinal plant needs micronutrient enough for producing essential oil and among micronutrients, iron is more needed. Iron is one of essential nutrients, micro, and immobile. This nutrient is required a cofactor for many oxidant and reduction enzymes and the synthesis of chlorophylls. Zinc is also one of micronutrients that involves in tryptophan synthesis, auxin precursor, obsceneness of leaves, carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis. One of the important applications of the nontechnology is nanofertilizers in agriculture. Nanoparticle inters into the plant through stomata. Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) from family Lamiaceae grows in the sandyacidic soil and medium light and high humidity conditions. Peppermint is a rich source of polyphenol that has the antioxidant effect. Regarding importance of peppermint, this research was aimed to investigate effects of nanoFe and nanoZn on some biochemical characteristics of peppermint. Material and methods This work conducted for evaluating the effects of iron and zinc application in two forms, nano and sulfate, on some morphological and biochemical characteristics of peppermint under salt stress, at research greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. The experiment arranged as factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was salinity in four levels (0, 40, 80, and 120 mM NaCl) and the second factor was foliar application Fe and Zn fertilizers in five levels (0, Fesulfate and Znsulfate at 1500 mg.l1 and nanoparticles of Fe and Zn at 300 mg.l1). Rhizomes with 10 cm length were cultured within 5 cm depth in pots with 40 cm height and 30 cm diameter. The pots filled with an equal amount of soil, sand, and peat (1:1:1) in each pot. The physiochemical characteristic of soil was as follows: 1.2 dS/m EC, 7.9 pH, 29% sand, 41% clay, 30% silt, and loamclay tissue. The first spraying was applied one week before exerting salt stress and two spraying after three weeks exerting salt stress in two intervals. Traits measured were chlorophyll, SPAD, soluble carbohydrate, and some morphological traits. Results The results indicated that salt stress had significant effect on the growth and biochemical characteristics of peppermint including shoot length, number of branches, number of tiller, length and width of leaves, fresh and dry weight of aerial part, chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, and SPAD. It decreased all of these traits. analysis of interaction effects of treatments indicated that the highest levels of growth and chlorophyll content were obtained in control treatment (without of salt stress) and plants grown under mild stress (40 mM NaCl) treated with nanoFe and Zn. As the highest plant high (78 cm), number of branches (36 branches per plant), and leaf length (6 cm) were related to control treatment (without of salt stress) and foliar application with nanoFe. While the highest width of leaf (2.16 cm) was obtained in plants treated with nanoFe and grown under 40 mM NaCl which there was no significant difference with application of nano fertilizers in control treatment. The highest amount of soluble carbohydrates with the amount of 1.28 and 1.212 mg/g dry weight were obtained under 40 and 80 mM salinity conditions with the application of nanoFe fertilizer, respectively. Conclusion The results of this study imply that application iron and zinc nanoparticles in comparison to its sulfate forms improves the growth characteristics, chlorophyll contents, and carbohydrate under control and mild salinity stress conditions (40 mM). Considering pivotal role of iron and zinc in the growth of the plant and expanding of nanoFe and nanoZn could have important role in supporting micronutrient for plants.