سنجش پایداری شاخص های گردشگری به‌عنوان هسته کلیدی بخش خدمات استان آذربایجان شرقی

هرچند که نگاه به بخش خدمات در فرایند توسعه متفاوت است، بخش خدمات غالب اقتصاد جهانی را تشکیل می دهد و از ارکان اساسی فعالیت های اقتصادی است که با ظهور شهرنشینی شکل گرفته و با گسترش آن پوشش وسیع تری می یابد. با توجه به اهمیت این بخش به‌عنوان یکی از بخش های عمده اقتصادی و تاثیرگذاری در فرآیند توسعه کشور، این مطالعه با هدف شناسایی هسته های کلیدی بخش خدمات استان آذربایجان شرقی انجام شده است. در گام نخست با استفاده از مدل msa به شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی هسته‌های کلیدی بخش خدمات استان آذربایجان شرقی پرداخته است که یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد زیر بخش گردشگری به‌عنوان هسته‌ کلیدی بخش خدمات با امتیاز 0.72 انتخاب شده است. در گام دوم با استفاده از ادبیات موضوع 5 شاخص گردشگری پایدار شامل شاخص های اقتصادی، زیست محیطی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی و نهادی تدوین و با استفاده از ابزار پرسش نامه و آمار موجود در سالنامه های آماری استان و در محیط برنامه نویسی پایتون مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفته که نتایج حاصل بیانگر این است که گردشگری پایدار در استان آذربایجان شرقی در مقیاس کلان با امتیاز 0.256 از یک واحد قرار دارد و علی رغم وجود جاذبه ها و پتانسیل های موجود در این بخش جایگاه مناسب خود را نیافته است و تا رسیدن به پایداری فاصله زیادی دارد. همچنین بررسی وضعیت شاخص های پنج گانه نشان می دهد که شاخص زیست محیطی با امتیاز 0.299 از واحد، بالاترین امتیاز را در میان سایر شاخص ها به خود اختصاص داده است؛ این در حالی است که شاخص اجتماعی با 0.166 از کمترین امتیاز در گردشگری پایدار برخوردار است.

analysis of the stability of the tourism indicators as the key core of the service sector of east azarbaijan province

1- introductionin order to eliminate the imbalances in economic sectors, especially in developing countries, due to limited resources and emphasis on investment and allocation of capital resources to key sectors, the government adopts policies that the society has the ability to implement. this causes more attention to the sectors with higher priority for investment. considering the very high share of services in recent years, investment in this sector, in addition to economic growth, provides the necessary resources for investment in other economic sectors. hirschman believes that economic development is a continuous process that is created by the growth of the leading sector and the establishment of connections between this sector and other economic sectors. since the share of the service sector in gdp and employment has always been higher than other sectors of the economy in recent years, the service sector has been identified as a large or strategic or dominant sector in the country. in recent years, investment in this sector, in addition to economic growth, has provided the necessary resources for investment in other economic sectors and has acted as a leading sector in iran’s economy.on the other hand, not paying attention to the talents and potential possibilities of iran and its provinces, among other things, has faced serious challenges to development. east azarbaijan province has not been exempt from this problem with its unique natural and human facilities that can stimulate development in different sectors. according to the material presented about the contribution of the service sector as a productive and profitable sector in the economy and the position of its sub-sectors in the economic and social system of countries including iran, recognizing and explaining the current situation of the country’s provinces and accordingly, east azerbaijan province is one of the most important and influential provinces in the economic growth and development of the country, and as the pole of the northwest region and having unique natural and human resources that can stimulate development in various sectors, it has great importance. 2- theoretical frameworkfor the first time, peru (1968) proposed another group of theories in economic literature, which are known as growth pole theories. in peru’s theory, simultaneous growth does not occur everywhere, but occurs at points or poles of development that have high attraction power. in developing countries, it is not possible to develop all economic sectors at the same time. in the initial stages of the formation of the pole, although the activities are concentrated in the center of the pole and cause aggravation of imbalances and imbalances, but the supporters of this theory believe that after the formation of the pole, the diffusion stage comes and during those positive effects flow to the surrounding environment. therefore, according to this theory, there is a need to identify the key sectors of developing societies in order to prioritize them.3- methodologythe first part of the present research was conducted in terms of the purpose of the evaluation type and from the perspective of the method in a descriptive and analytical manner and based on qualitative data, the data was collected by a survey method through the distribution of questionnaires. multi-sector analysis (msa) has been used to examine the key core of the service sector of east azarbaijan province. in the second part of the methodology, according to the indicators mentioned in the theoretical foundations for the sustainable development of tourism, it is possible to obtain a complete assessment of the level of access to each of these indicators in east azerbaijan province, which is the main step in answering this question. what is the state of the province in each of the indicators related to the development of sustainable tourism?