بررسی اثر سرریزی نوآوری بر رشد اقتصادی

نوآوری یکی از عوامل اصلی در دستیابی به رشد اقتصادی پایدار است که علاوه بر اثرات مستقیم بر رشد اقتصادی یک کشور یا منطقه می تواند دارای اثرات سرریزی نیز باشد. بر این اساس هدف این مطالعه بررسی اثرات مستقیم و غیرمستقیم (سرریزی) نوآوری بر رشد اقتصادی در کشورهای گروه دی هشت در دوره زمانی 2012-2021 است. شاخص نوآوری در نظر گرفته شده، شاخص نوآوری جهانی (gii) بوده و برای بررسی اثرات سرریزی نوآوری از مدل اقتصادسنجی دوربین فضایی (sdm) استفاده شده است. همچنین ماتریس وزنی فضایی (w) بین کشورهای موردمطالعه بر اساس وزن تجارت بین کشورها ایجاد شده است. نتایج مدل نشان داده است که همه متغیرهای مدل شامل تشکیل سرمایه، نیروی کار، باز بودن تجاری سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی و نوآوری بر رشد اقتصادی کشورها دارای اثرات مستقیم و معنادار بوده است. تشکیل سرمایه و نوآوری بیشترین ضریب اثرگذاری مستقیم را بر رشد اقتصادی کشورها داشته اند. بررسی اثرات سرریزی (غیرمستقیم) نشان داده است که نوآوری دارای اثرات سرریزی مثبت و معنادار بر رشد اقتصادی کشورها داشته است.

investigation of the effect of innovation spillover on economic growth

1- introduction investigation of the importance and the impact of various factors on the economic growth of countries is crucial in short-term and long-term planning in various countries. traditional theories and models of economic development only consider capital and labor as economic growth factors for nations and regions. today, economists consider innovation, along with knowledge and technology, to be one of the fundamental variables in the economic development and development of countries.knowledge and innovation can generate social welfare in diverse regions and countries and contribute to achieving sustainable economic growth. in this regard, it is crucial to note that the path of innovation development varies across regions and countries, and that a distinct innovative geography is created based on these differences. the issue of inter-regional or inter-country spillover effects of various variables, such as innovation spillovers, is a second crucial aspect of economic growth and development planning in different regions or countries. thus, innovation can impact both the economic development of the innovating country and the economic growth of neighboring countries with trade linkages to that country. examination the spatial dimension of the problem will be crucial for determining how spillovers occur and their effectiveness in the innovation process as well as economic growth and development, whereas excluding inter-regional (inter-country) effects will bias the results and misleading results. on the other hand, considering the inter-regional (inter-country) effects of innovation and other variables in the model can help in the planning of regional development in different countries. 2- theoretical frameworkaccording to new theories, there are four distinct categories of innovation: product innovation, process innovation, organizational innovation, and marketing innovation. there is substantial evidence that various categories of innovation have distinct economic effects in countries. these differences are primarily attributable to variations in the level of pertinent externalities (spillovers) and the capacity of innovators to internalize the public benefits of these activities (fit). thus, innovative knowledge penetrates the production process in two different ways. the first instance is when a company utilizes new technical knowledge developed during the production process. the second consequence is the spillovers of such knowledge. however, knowledge diffusion in other innovation institutions can only be observed once innovation and technology have reached a certain level.the concept of knowledge spillover is closely associated with the correlation effect, where in the recipient of an innovation assimilates it to facilitate economic advancement. the spillover effect has the potential to yield beneficial outcomes by fostering innovation and facilitating economic progress, but it can also have negative consequences. the adverse impact of knowledge spillover primarily arises from external circumstances, as well as the inherent uncertainties and risks associated with research and development endeavors. consequently, the inability of spillovers to fully realize the benefits of their research and development endeavors diminishes enterprises’ motivation to allocate resources towards innovation. the positive impact of knowledge spillover is directed towards individuals or organizations that possess absorptive potential, enabling them to effectively assimilate and utilize sophisticated information and technology.3- methodologythe primary objective of the present study is to examine the direct and spillover effects of innovation on economic growth within the d8 group of countries during 2012 -2021.