اندازه‌گیری تشابه خطوط سیر با استفاده از تئوری فازی

ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ اﻧﻮاع ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ، اﻣﮑﺎن دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ وﺳﯿﻌﯽ از دادهﻫﺎی ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ روشﻫﺎی ﮐﺸﻒ داﻧﺶ از اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع دادهﻫﺎ، اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮی ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﻮط ﺳﯿﺮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺣﺮﮐﺖ اﺷﯿﺎ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮی ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ، ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ و ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ در ﺳﺎﯾﺮ روشﻫﺎی دادهﮐﺎوی ﻣﺜﻞ ﺧﻮﺷﻪﺑﻨﺪی و ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪی ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد دارد و در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﭼﺎﻟﺶﺑﺮاﻧﮕﯿﺰ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎری از ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن در ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎی اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎوﺟﻮداﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻋﺪم ﻗﻄﻌﯿﺖ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ اﺟﺘﻨﺎبﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ، ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع در زﻣﯿﻨﮥ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮی ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﻮط ﺳﯿﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﮏ راه ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪم ﻗﻄﻌﯿﺖ در ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات و ﺗﻌﺎرﯾﻒ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺌﻮری ﻓﺎزی اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، دو روش sim1 و sim2 ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ روشﻫﺎی lcss و edr اراﺋﻪﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮای ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪم ﻗﻄﻌﯿﺖ در اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮی ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﻮط ﺳﯿﺮ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ آنﻫﺎ از ﺗﺌﻮری ﻓﺎزی اﺳﺘﻔﺎدهﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روشﻫﺎی ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدی ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﯾﮏ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻀﻮﯾﺖ ﻓﺎزی و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻧﻘﺎط دو ﺧﻂ ﺳﯿﺮ، درﺟﻪ اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﻫﺮ دو ﻧﻘﻄﻪ از دو ﺧﻂ ﺳﯿﺮ را ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آن ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ دو ﺧﻂ ﺳﯿﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﯾﻦ دو روش، دو ﺳﺮی آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﺮ روی ﺧﻄﻮط ﺳﯿﺮ واﻗﻌﯽ و ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ ﺧﻮدروﻫﺎی ﺷﺨﺼﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ روشﻫﺎی sim1 و sim2 ازﻟﺤﺎظ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺰ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﺮخ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداری ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدی ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ روشﻫﺎی lcss و edr و از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﯾﯽ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻬﺘﺮی ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ آنﻫﺎ دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪﻃﻮریﮐﻪ ﺑﺮای ﻣﺜﺎل ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺮای ﭼﻬﺎر ﺣﺪ آﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ 25 ،10 ،5 و 50 ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮای روش lcss ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 0,66 ،0,97 ،0,02 و 0,23 اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮای روشﻫﺎی sim1 و sim2 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 0,41 درﺻﺪ اﺳﺖ.

Measuring the Similarity of Trajectories Using Fuzzy Theory

In recent years, with the advancement of positioning systems, access to a large amount of movement data is provided. Among the methods of discovering knowledge from this type of data is to measure the similarity of trajectories resulting from the movement of objects. Similarity measurement has also been used in other data mining methods such as classification and clustering and is currently, an important and challenging topic for many researchers in the field of geospatial information systems. Although uncertainty is an inevitable issue in the field of geospatial information systems, so far little attention has been paid to this issue especially in the field of measuring the similarity of trajectories. One way to cope with the uncertainty in the observations and definitions of the problem, is to use fuzzy theory. In this study, two methods of sim1 and sim2 based on Longest Common Subsequence (LCSS) and Edit Distance on Real Sequence (EDR) methods, respectively, have been introduced to deal with uncertainty in measuring similarity of trajectories and improving their performance using fuzzy theory. The proposed methods use a fuzzy membership function based on the distance between the points of two trajectories to determine the degree of matching of every pair of points on two trajectories based on which the similarity of the two trajectories is calculated. In order to evaluate these two methods, two experiments have been performed on the real and synthetic trajectories of personal cars. Experimental results show that sim1 and sim2 are similar to LCSS and EDR in terms of sensitivity to noise, increasing and decreasing sampling rate and have better performance in terms of sensitivity to displacement. For example, the mean percentage change of similarity to distance variations for the four thresholds of 5, 10, 25, and 50 meters for LCSS is 0.02, 0.97, 0.66, and 0.23 but for sim1 and sim2 is 0.41 which is proportional to rate of changes in reference trajectory.