سنجش و ارزیابی قابلیت‌های هم‌افزایی فضایی - اقتصادی مناطق کلان شهری (مورد پژوهی منطقه کلان‌شهری تهران)

یکی از استراتژی های توسعه منطقه ای توجه به سیاست های هم افزایی جهت نیل به توسعه اقتصادی، مبتنی بر استراتژی های برد - برد متکی بر مزیت های همکارانه است. منطقه کلان شهری تهران با وجود ظرفیت ها و قابلیت های گوناگون در زمینه منابع انسانی و استقرار بیش از دوازه هزار بنگاه تولیدی عملکرد مطلوبی با توجه به این ظرفیت ها نداشته است. این امر بازنگری در سیاست گذاری را با توجه به قابلیت های هم افزایی گوشزد می نماید. منطقه کلان شهری به دلیل نقش مهم و قلب تپنده اقتصادی کشور به عنوان محدوده مورد مطالعه انتخاب گردید. روش پژوهش کمی است. جهت سنجش قابلیت های هم افزایی از شاخص های ضریب تخصصی شدن، تمرکز، انباشت، تنوع گرایی و خوشه ای شدن و برای سنجش روابط کارکردی که جنبه ای دیگر از هم افزایی اقتصادی است، از تحلیل شبکه و پیوندهای درون صنعتی استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد ضریب تخصصی شدن فعالیت های تولیدی در تهران کاهش اما در سایر شهرستان های افزایش یافته است. این امر در مورد تمرکزگرایی نیز صادق است. از سوی دیگر توزیع فضایی بنگاه های گرایش به سمت توزان در منطقه کلان شهری دارد که زمینه را برای توسعه بنگاه های تولیدی به دلیل ایجاد زمینه هم افزایی فراهم می کند. ضریب خوشه ای شدن به عنوان یکی از برآیندهای اقتصادی نشان می دهد که عمده بنگاه های تولیدی منطقه، گرایش به سمت خوشه ای شدن دارند. گرایش به شکل گیری روابط کارکردی و ایجاد مراکز ضعیف شواهدی دیگر از قابلیت منطقه کلان شهری در راستای توسعه هم افزا است. در نهایت می توان بیان داشت که مزیت های گوناگون، انباشتگی و تنوع کارکردی از قابلیت های مهم جهت هم افزایی فضایی - اقتصادی است.

assessing and evaluating the spatial-economic synergy potentials of metropolitan reigns (case study: tehran metropolitan region)

introduction in the field of regional synergistic development, synergy is defined as the cooperation, interaction, and benefit of subsystems from the benefits of interactions. synergy is achieved through collaboration and complementarity and requires a high level of interaction to create the necessary network correlations to compensate for interdependence. hence, regional synergy refers to regional cooperation, close communication, and continuity of interaction. therefore, it can be said that regional amplification is the interaction between regions and a combination of cooperation and competition between regions, which aims to achieve an optimal system in which the effects of two or more structures or functions of a partner and each other. consistently more than the sum of the effects of individual components and functions alone, various studies have explored the concept of synergy in the development of multicenter regions, ecosystems and energy, social theories, national and regional innovation systems, and economies of scale. urban accumulation, regional growth, business development, have been used. but what has not been evaluated is the application of this concept in the field of economic development, especially in metropolitan areas of developing countries, which are still involved in imbalance, lack of integration, functional coherence and unbalanced distribution of activities. the metropolitan area of ​​tehran is no exception to this rule. due to the significant concentration of manpower, resources and economic enterprises, this region is known as the beating heart of the country, which can play the role of a locomotive and railroad for national development. materials and methods the research method is quantitative. the research index has been determined according to the theoretical foundations and research background. to conduct the research, about twelve thousand companies were located in the metropolitan area of tehran based on 28 active isic codes. then, the flow of goods between the cities of the region was collected and analyzed based on the information of the road authority using network analysis. in order to analyze the internal relations of firms, based on the output data table, the two-region method was prepared and the relations between manufacturing firms were evaluated. results and discussion the study of industry specialization shows that the activities of radio, television and communication devices, energy production, computer and engineering activities, tobacco products and mining have the highest level of specialization over a period of twenty years. on the other hand, the study of the degree of specialization of activities shows that the coefficient of specialization of activities has decreased. this means that the cities of the province have a tendency towards similarity in industrial activities, which creates the ground for increasing synergy. a study of the spatial distribution of industries in 1975 shows that food and beverage products, other non-metallic mineral products, fabric metal products, rubber and plastic products have the most homogeneous spatial distribution in the metropolitan area, respectively. in 1995, the spatial distribution of industries tended to be more balanced, and thirteen disciplines of industrial activity tended to be more balanced in the region. fabric metal products, construction of machinery and equipment, rubber and plastic products, food and beverages have the highest spatial balance between industries in the metropolitan area. spatial analysis of industrial enterprises shows that the industrial enterprises of the province, affected by the factor of access and mobility of production factors, tend to disperse.