واکاوی عوامل موثر بر بهبود سرمایه اجتماعی در سکونتگاه‌های روستایی(مطالعه موردی: بخش اسفندقه، شهرستان جیرفت)

در دیدگاه سنتی مدیریت، سرمایه های اقتصادی، فیزیکی و انسانی نقش بنیادین ایفا می کند. ولی، در نگرش نوین، سکونتگاه ها به بهبود سرمایه اجتماعی بیشتر نیاز دارند. چون، بدون بهبود سرمایه اجتماعی، بهره گیری از دیگر سرمایه ها امکان پذیر نخواهد بود. بنابراین، موضوع سرمایه اجتماعی به ‌مثابه یک مقوله بنیادین به شمار می‌آید. در این راستا این مفهوم به‌ مثابه یک عامل انسجام بخش؛ نقش بنیادین در آسان سازی توسعه ساختارهای شبکه محلی ایفا می‌کند. بدینسان، پژوهش حاضر با هدف وارسی عوامل موثر بر بهبود سرمایه اجتماعی در سکونتگاه های روستایی بخش اسفندقه، شهرستان جیرفت انجام شد. بر این بنیان پژوهش حاضر، از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نگرش شیوه اجرای پژوهش، در گروه پژوهش های پیمایشی و برحسب ماهیت داده ها، از نوع پژوهش های کمی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل تعداد 42 روستای دارای سکنه بخش اسفندقه بوده است. در این پژوهش برای تعیین حجم نمونه تصادفی در سطح روستا، تعداد 30 روستا به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شد؛ تجزیه ‌و تحلیل ویژگی های جمعیت شناختی و تجمیع پرسش ها برای ورود به مدل، و تحلیل سازه ها و روابط بیان‌شده در چارچوب نظری با استفاده از نرم‌افزار تحلیل مسیر انجام شد. یافته های پژوهش حاضر، حاکی از آن است، که عوامل نهادی، اجتماعی فردی و اقتصادی با متغیر سرمایه اجتماعی رابطه معناداری دارند. به‌گونه‌ای نتایج تحلیل مسیر نشان داد که عوامل نهادی با اثر کلی 0.731 و عوامل اجتماعی با اثر کلی 0.656 و عوامل اقتصادی با اثر کلی 0.271 به ترتیب بیشترین و کم ترین تاثیر را در میان سایر عوامل موثر بر سرمایه اجتماعی داشته است.

analysis of factors affecting the improvement of social capital in rural settlements (case study: esfandagheh district, jiroft county)

social capital is a sociological concept that has been increasingly used by social scientists.thus, the main purpose of this research is to check the factors affecting the improvement of social capital in the rural settlements of esfandagheh district. based on the mentioned challenges; the basic questions of the research are: 1) what is the status of the rural settlements of esfandagheh district in terms of social capital? 2) what is the relationship between institutional, social, individual and economic factors with the social capital of the villages of esfandagheh district? and what are the most important factors affecting the improvement of the social capital of the villagers of esfandagheh district?materials and methodsthe current research, in terms of the fundamental purpose and the way of conducting the research, is in the survey research group and according to the data, it is of the quantitative research type. in this research, 30 villages were randomly selected to determine the size of the random sample at the village level. analysis of demographic characteristics and aggregation of questions to enter the model, and analysis of the structures and relationships expressed in the theoretical framework were performed using path analysis software. finally, cronbach’s alpha value of 0.79 was got for the present study. therefore, the value of alpha got in this research is reliable because it is close to 1.results and discussionthe results show that the status of social capital among the rural settlements of esfandagheh district is unfavorable; in such a way that the got average of all social capital indicators is lower than the desired level. the social capital, with an average of 2.942, is lower than the desired state; therefore, the social capital is in an unfavorable situation in the rural settlements of esfandagheh district. this result with the findings of galli et al., (2020); that if social awareness, social trust, social cohesion, social participation, organization and social groups and social network and institutional, social, individual and economic factors are weak in rural settlements, social capital will be in an unfavorable situation. it corresponds; also, with the findings of werna (2001) and up hoff (2016); who considered social capital as one of the important factors for improving the condition of rural settlements is also consistent.based on this, it was found that there is a significant relationship between institutional, social, individual and economic factors and the social capital of villagers. based on pearson’s correlation coefficient, the results show that there is a significant relationship between individual factors and different indicators of social capital at the level of 0.01. this result with research (adebayo, 2014); according to which there is a relationship between the institutional, social, individual and economic factors of villagers and social capital; it is aligned. besides this, the most fundamental factors affecting the improvement of social capital among the rural settlements of esfandagheh district are institutional, social, individual and economic factors. therefore, the results show that the significance level got for all institutional, social, individual and economic variables is less than 0.05, so the results can be generalized to the statistical population. also, the results revealed that the most important factors affecting the improvement of social capital institutional, social, individual, and economic factors. these results agree with the findings of dorobantu and nistoreanu (2012), that the most important influencing factors in the village are the institutional, social, individual and economic factors in order to increase their participation and improve the indicators of social capital in this direction.