نقش پیوندهای روستایی - شهری در تحولات اقتصادی و کاهش فقر نواحی روستایی ایران (مطالعه موردی: ناحیه سنقر)

فقر روستای نتیجه توزیع ناعادلانه درآمد و امکانات مابین کانون های شهری و روستایی بوده و با برهم خوردن تعادل سرمایه و امکانات رفاهی منطقه می توان گفت تعادل اقتصادی مابین این نواحی نیز کاهش می یابد. از آنجا که پیوندهای روستایی - شهری دارای ماهیتی فضایی بوده، توجه به حرکت سرمایه و کالا به عنوان یک جریان اقتصادی مابین کانون های شهری و روستایی از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. این پژوهش با هدف شناخت جریان ها و عملکردهای به وجود آمده مابین شهر و روستاهای پیرامونی به بررسی جریان های اقتصادی حاصل شده و عملکرد آنها در کاهش فقر روستایی می پردازد. در انجام پژوهش با بهره گرفتن از روش های میدانی و کتابخانه ای و با استفاده از ضریب همبستگی به بررسی میزان ارتباط شاخص ها و متغییرها با توجه به هدف پژوهش پرداخته شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق 15 روستای بخش مرکزی شهرستان سنقر بوده است. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از شکل گیری جریان های اقتصادی و خدماتی مابین شهر و روستاهای ناحیه می باشد که منجر به زمینه سازی شکل گیری پیوندهای روستایی - شهری در این منطقه شده است، و خود را به صورت؛ وجوه ارسالی، اشتغال روستائیان در شهر، اعتبارت رسمی و غیر رسمی، سرمایه‌گذاری های دولتی و خصوصی نشان می دهد، که منجر به تداوم جریان ها و یک رابطه دو سویه بین شهر و نواحی روستایی پیرامونی خود از لحاظ عملکردهای اقتصادی و سرمایه شده است و در نهایت توانسته ارتقاء مالی خانوارهای روستایی و کاهش فقر اقتصادی آنها را به دنبال داشته باشد.

The role of rural-urban bonds in economic developments and poverty reduction in rural areas of Iran (case study: Songhor area)

Extended abstractIntroductionRural poverty is a multidimensional subject depending on various factors such as the level of economic growth of villagers and income distribution. On the eve of the third millennium, poverty and unfair distribution of income and wealth, has led to the imbalance of capital, welfare facilities, successive ruralurban migration and economic imbalance of the regions. Imbalance between urban and rural areas can be considered as one among many. It is considered as one of the most important problems in urban and rural communities. Paying attention to rural poverty and accurate knowledge of issues related to Iranian villages in terms of sociocultural, economic and environmental fields is of great importance. In some cases, the root of all problems and backwardness issues such as poverty, spatial inequality, unemployment, rapid urban population growth are due to ruralurban migration. This is also due to lack of capital flow, lack of adequate facilities, low income, and declining productivity of agricultural activity as well as weak services in rural areas. Among these, the role of ruralurban links as a close interaction and twoway flow between urban and rural settlements can create economic networks. Ruralurban connections have a spatial nature and refer to the flow of people, goods, services, money, capital and information between urban centers and rural centers. This is the most important part of the connection and interaction between urban and rural areas in the economic field.Materials and methods: This study aims to identify the flows and practices that occur between the city district and surrounding villages to investigate the economic flows and the performance between them in reducing poverty in rural areas. In conducting this research, field and library methods and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. This shows the intensity and type of relationship between indicators and variables according to the purpose of the research. The statistical population of the study are the villages of the central part of the city of Songor, which have been selected as a statistical population in a cluster of 15 villages located in the area.Results and discussionSongor city has the ability to provide various services and facilities of welfare and livelihood and optimal investments to the surrounding villages. It also supports rural products, while providing the conditions for economic growth and development of rural areas. This can lead to changes and spatial developments in the social and economic fields of the villages. On the other hand, the residents of the studied villages can establish economic flows, trade and investment in the productive sectors. This can occur through formal and informal credits, market diversity and housing. It causes the dynamics of the economy and the growth of the city of Songor. These currents, if accompanied by a proper and planned framework, will lead to the formation of ruralurban links and spatial developments in the villages around the city of Songor and economic developments among urban and rural areas. In this study factors affecting spatial developments from different economic aspects and poverty reduction such as employment, formal and informal credits, housing foundation renovation and improvement loans, public and private investments and the availability of durable facilities and goods in rural areas are examined.ConclusionThe results of the research indicate the formation of economic and service flows between the city districts and the surrounding villages, which has led to the creation of ruralurban links in the economic developments of rural areas. Remittances show employment of villagers in the city. Formal and informal credit, public and private investments have led to continuity of flows and a close and twoway relationship between the city districts and the surrounding rural areas in terms of performance. This improves the finances of rural households and reduces their economic poverty due to the currents.