سنجش سطح کیفیت زندگی با تاکید بر بازآفرینی شهری از دیدگاه مسئولین شهری (مطالعه موردی: منطقه پانزده شهرداری تهران)

در مباحث برنامه‌ریزی شهری، کیفیت زندگی و ارزیابی شاخص های آن یکی از ضروری‌ترین جنبه‌های مطالعاتی ‌است. به نحوی که شاخص کیفیت زندگی به عنوان عامل اساسی جهت سنجش توانایی‌های مدیران و تصمیم‌گیران شهری و نیز نظارت بر عملکرد اجرایی آنان تبدیل شده است. مدیران شهری با هدف ارتقای ‌کیفیت زندگی شهروندان، ‌به نوسازی و بهسازی مناطق شهری اقدام می نمایند، یکی از راه‏حل های آنان جهت ارتقاء کیفیت زندگی و رفاه شهروندی و تحقق نیازهای اجتماعی به کارگیری رویکرد بازآفرینی شهری است. این پژوهش به ‌روش توصیفی ‌تحلیلی است. جمع‌آوری اطلاعات اسنادی میدانی و با استفاده از پرسشنامه در طیف لیکرت 5 گزینه‌ای می‌باشد. جامعه آماری 50 نفر از مدیران و مسئولین ارشد شهرداری منطقه 15 تهران که ‌دیدگاه خود را درخصوص40 پرسش نسبت به سطح کیفیت زندگی شهروندان منطقه 15بیان داشته‌اند. جهت تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون همبستگی‌ پیرسون، رگرسیون‌خطی آزمون تی تک نمونه ای، و آزمون همبستگی کانونی استفاده شده است. طبق نتایج از میان متغیرهای مستقل(ابعاد بازآفرینی پایدار)، بیشترین تاثیر برکیفیت زندگی در بعد اقتصادی مولفه‌ &کارآفرینی& با 86/0= β، و در رتبه دوم بعد کالبدی مولفه‌ &شبکه دسترسی ها و اتصالات شهری& با 83/0 = β، و نیز بعد مدیریتی مولفه‌های &اعتمادسازی& با 82/0= β، و سومین رتبه بعد اجتماعی مولفه‌ &مشارکت& با 81/0 = β، می‌باشند. مسئولین معتقدند سطح کیفیت زندگی شهروندان منطقه مطلوب است و همچنین‌ آنان از نحوه نظارت، اجرا دستورالعمل ها و قوانین شهری در منطقه رضایت کامل داشته‌ و شیوه مدیریت شهری خود را مناسب و مطلوب می‌دانند.

Assessing the quality of life by emphasizing urban regeneration from the viewpoint of urban authorities (case study: Tehran municipality’s 15th region)

IntroductionLife in today’s cities is formed by interactions among different environmental, social, economic, infrastructural, health, security, political, and cultural conditions. The result of these interactions shape the quality of urban life. The quality of life is the better living conditions in which balance, harmony, desirability and fair equality are institutionalized. In general, the quality of life is evaluated by two objective and subjective perspectives. Mental indicators are mainly based on psychological responses and objective indicators are based on the measurement of physical quantities. One of the most important topics considered by managers and urban planners is the discussion of achieving urban welfare and improving citizens’ life quality.The importance of this research is that, it examines the views and performance of authoritiesand urban managers of Tehran’s 15th region, on the level of citizens’ satisfaction with the quality of life in the region.Study AreaThe study area of region 15 of Tehran includes 7 districts and 20 neighborhoods. From the north it is confined by GhasreFiroozeh, Ahang highway, Khavaran and Shoush Sharghi avenues and from the west by Fadaiyan Islam Avenue. It stretches from the south to Dolatabad Avenue, Bibi Shahrbanu Mountain and Cement Factory, and from the east to the eastern mountains of Tehran and the eastern part of the Afsariyeh lands.Materials and MethodsIn this study, two hypothesis were proposed to study the life quality of citizens in region 15. The statistical population included 50 authorities and senior urban managers in region 15 of Tehran. Data gathering has been done by questionnaire with a field method. Then, the hypotheses were tested by Pearson correlation test, Ttest andCanonicalcorrelation analysis.Results and DiscussionFirst hypothesis, as stated in H1 or Hypothesis 1, implies a significant relationship between the dimensions of sustainable regeneration and urban quality of life in Tehran’s 15th region. According to the obtained results, the intensity of the correlation is 0.83, the RSquare coefficient is 0.68 and the direction and type of correlation is positive and strong. Therefore it can be concluded that approximately 68% of the impact on the quality of urban life is related to the dimensions of sustainable regeneration (sociocultural, economic, physical, management and environmental); because the significance level is less than 0.05 score, then H0 is rejected and the first hypothesis and H1 are confirmed.Second hypothesis, as mentioned in H1 or hypothesis 1, the improvement measures carried out in Region 15 were mainly physical and did not improve the quality of citizens’ life. According to the obtained results, Significance levels (sig) are less than 0.05 score; the mean (independent variable) of physical regeneration is 9.46 and the mean (dependent variable) of physical component of quality of life is 22.18. Also, the mean (independent variable) of environmental regeneration is 14.50 and the mean (dependent variable) of environmental quality component of life quality, is equal to 30.52. Therefore, the mean of the environmental components in the two variables (independent and dependent) are higher than their physical components. Since the upper and lower limits of the test are all positive, so H0 is confirmed and the second hypothesis and H1 are rejected.ConclusionAccording to result, the authorities believe that the quality level of citizens’ life in the region is absolute, and they consider their urban management method as appropriate and desirable. So, according to the research achievements, the following items are proposed to improve the citizens’ quality of life:A) Economic dimension:Creating sustainable employment opportunities increasing per capita income in low quality areas, using the capacities of the private sector or charities to create small businesses for families. This can largely provide income for families.B) Social dimension:Establishment of training classes for various trades and employment, as well as the formation of local associations to facilitate solving the problems of the citizens.C) Physical dimension:Dedicating resources for education, health, infrastructure services, etc. for low quality areas of the region.D) Environmental dimension:Seeking the views of locals, especially local experts and elites, in order to come up with effective solutions for improving quality of the environment for citizens.