ارزیابی برنامه‌های ملی توسعه و اسناد فرادست از منظر عدالت محیط زیستی با تاکید بر تکنولوژی سبز (مورد پژوهی: کلانشهر تهران)

این پژوهش به دنبال ارزیابی برنامه ها و طرح های توسعه از منظر عدالت محیط زیستی با تاکید بر تکنولوژی سبز می باشد. بررسی وضع سیاستگذاری های محیط زیستی در برنامه های توسعه و اسناد فرادست شهری گویای این مهم است که متاسفانه نه تنها در اجرای برنامه ها عامل محیط زیست مدنظر کارگزاران شهری قرار نگرفته بلکه با بی توجهی به قوانین و مقررات در طرح های توسعه شهری و طرح های اقتصادی در بستر شهر، مشکلات عدیده محیط زیستی برای کلان شهر تهران ایجاد نموده است. از این رو یکی از راهکارهای پاسخگویی به این چالش ها توجه به مباحث عدالت محیط زیستی و به طور ویژه، تکنولوژی سبز است. پژوهش حاضر که یک پژوهش اسنادی با رویکرد تفسیری است. به دنبال واکاری مفاهیم عدالت محیط زیست در اسناد فرادست توسعه و شهری است. روش جمع آوری اطلاعات کتابخانه ای و تحلیل براساس نظر کارشناسان صورت گرفته است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد که توجه به عدالت محیط زیستی از برنامه چهارم توسعه به بعد در بتن برنامه ها قرار گرفته است اما در عمل مورد بی توجهی قرار گرفته است. در اسناد فرادست شهری نیز رئوس کلی عدالت محیط زیست مطرح اما در اجرا همانند اسناد توسعه بوده است. همچنین نظر کارشناسان مهم ترین مانع سیاست گذاری عدالت محیط زیست شامل تعارض منافع و عدم توجه به توسعه فضای سبز و امکانات و تکنولوژی متناسب جهت سیاست گذاری عدالت محیط زیستی بوده است. افزون بر آن مهم ترین مولفه های موثر جهت دستیابی به عدالت محیط زیست در کلانشهر تهران شامل مولفه های اقتصادی(سرمایه گذاری و مالکیت خودرو)، اجتماعی(مشارکت آگاهانه و تصمیم سازی ) و محیط زیستی(منابع تجدیدپذیر و توجه به تکنولوژی سبز) است.

Evaluation of national development plans and outstanding documents in environmental justice with an emphasis on green technology, case study: Tehran metropolis

Environmental issues in the field of institutional management from the global to the local level, have always been a complex problem for planners and decisionmakers. This fact has faced major challenges in cities and especially in metropolitan areas because of the concentration of economic and demographic activities, a kind of planning system and mechanism. Therefore, every management system has sought to solve these problems from the planning level to the implementation. The reflection of these plans and the determination of environmental problemsolving strategies has mirrored in the plan and program, and this research also seeks to evaluate developing plans and programs. Investigation of environmental policy making in urban development plans and documents indicates its importance but unfortunately, implementation of environmental agent programs has not been considered by decisionmakers in their programs but also, ignoring the laws and regulations in urban development plans and economic plans in the context of the city has created enormous environmental problems for Tehran metropolis. Therefore, one of the solutions to tackle these challenges is to address environmental justice discussions, with emphasize on, green technology. The present study is a documentary research with an interpretive approach. It seeks to embody the concepts of environmental justice in the urban development documents. The present study aimed to see whether environmental justice policymaking has emphasized green technology in national development programs. Whether outreach documents in Tehran metropolis, identify the barriers and challenges of comprehensive policymaking in achieving urban environmental justice with an emphasis on green technology. Also recognizing the most important factors which can contribute to the achievement of environmental justice in the city by focusing on green technology is a study goal.Materials and methodsThe method of data gathering is library information and analysis based on expert’s opinion. The results show that attention to environmental justice has been placed in the center of plans from the fourth development plan onwards. But in practice it has been neglected. Results and discussionEnvironmental issues due to their role in human life have always attracted the attention of planners and the whole system of management. The present study aimed to evaluate the state of environmental justice by focusing on green technology by considering fiveyear economic, social, and cultural development plans. In fact, the programs leading to prevention of environmental justice in the metropolis of Tehran were evaluated in the present study. It is different from other studies by focusing on environmental justice with respect to green technology for evaluating development plans. Based on the results, lack of involvement of environmental sectors in implementing the programs, lack of financing, and lack of appropriate environmental infrastructure based on development plans were considered problems which prevented Tehran from achieving environmental programs and environmental justice.ConclusionIn urban documents the environmental justice outline has been presented, but in implementation it had been ignored. According to experts, the most important obstacle to environmental justice policy making is conflict of interests and lack of attention to the development of green space and appropriate facilities and technology that have focus on environmental justice policy. In addition, the most important components for achieving environmental justice in Tehran metropolis include economic components such as: car investment and ownership, informed social participation and decisionmaking, and renewable environmental resources and attention to green technology.