Clinical associations between renal dysfunction and vascular events: A literature review

Chronic kidney disease affects several other organs of the human body, and causes high levels of morbidity and mortality due to these effects. the cardiovascular system is probably the most vulnerable organ to a decrease in kidney function, and responds very fast to this effect. to the extent that, more kidney disease patients die of cardiovascular events than that of the original renal disease. moreover, cerebrovascular events have been confirmed to increase, and to have inferior outcomes on the general population. in this review article, we aim to review studies investigating effects of renal disease on vascular events.