TiO2 Thin Film: Preparation, Characterization, and its Photocatalytic Degradation of Basic Yellow 28 Dye

In this research, the thin films of n-s doped titanium dioxide (tio2) were successfully prepared by simple sol-gel method in the presence of tetrabutylorthotitanate as a starting reagent. furthermore, titanium dioxide  (tio2)  was  functionalized  with  thiourea.  furthermore, n-s doped  titanium  dioxides  (nsto) were  fixed on  glass balls by glass balls  fixed-bed  reactor  system.  besides,  the  effect  of  some parameters  such  as  volume  and  exit  flow  rate  of  basic  yellow  28 solution on the degradation of basic yellow 28 solution under visible light  irradiation  were  investigated. moreover,  the  degradation  rates were  found  to  be  strongly  influenced  by  all  the  above  parameters. the  as-  synthesized  n-s  doped  titanium  dioxides  (nsto)  were characterized  by  x-ray  diffraction  (xrd),  scanning  electron microscopy  (sem),  spectra  energy  dispersive  analysis  of  x-ray (edx),  and  ultraviolet–visible  (uv–vis)  techniques.sol-gel synthesis  of  titanium  dioxide  was  favorable,  because  the  synthesis time of sol-gel method was shorter than that of other method.