green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using achillea wilhelmsii extract: a biological approach

Nanotechnology is a branch of science and engineering that involves the manipulation, production, and design of materials and devices at a nanoscale level. the prefix nano represents one billionth of a meter, and at this size, the physical and chemical characteristics of materials can be distinct from those of larger objects. this can result in new properties that can be exploited for a variety of uses. in recent times, biological methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles have become popular because they offer several advantages over traditional chemical and physical processes. one significant benefit is that biological approaches use less energy and time. additionally, they are environmentally friendly because they do not use toxic solvents or dangerous materials. in this experiment, zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno nps) were synthesized using achillea wilhelmsii extract as the reducing agent. 40 ml of achillea wilhelmsii extract was gradually added to 60 ml of zinc nitrate solution with a concentration of 1 m. spectrophotometric analysis of the solution revealed an absorption maximum at 370 nm, signaling the existence of zno nps. scanning electron microscopy, or sem analysis showed the nanoparticles to have a spherical morphology with diameter ranging from 38-60 nm. particle size analysis (psa) showed that the nanoparticles were between 35 and 218 nm in size. this study demonstrated that it is possible to create zno nps using a safe biological process that does not require the use of hazardous chemicals.