preparation and characterization of modified release nanoparticles containing cloperastine hydrochloride using solvent evaporation method

The goal of this study is to design prolonged-release cloperastine hydrochloride nanoparticles. the emulsion solvent evaporation method was used to produce the nanoparticles made from polymers, such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose k4m, hydroxypropyl cellulose, xanthan gum, chitosan, and sodium alginate. scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the morphological characteristics of the resultant nanoparticles. the particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index of nanoparticle formulations were determined using photon correlation spectroscopy. the drug loading efficiency and drug release profiles of drug-containing formulations were studied by the hplc method. the prepared formulations exhibited nanoscale particle sizes in the range of 19.74±0.73-49.26±0.25 nm and narrow polydispersity indexes in the range of 0.42±0.02-0.97±0.01. the zeta potential values of the formulations with different compositions were found in the range of -15.21±0.03 to -29.49±0.08, indicating the higher stability of the prepared nanoparticles. in addition, high yield percentage, drug entrapment efficiency, and drug loading values of 94.76±0.37%, 90.52±0.24, and 89.96±0.22 were obtained for the prepared formulations, respectively. according to the results, the formula comprising hpmc k4m and hpc showed highly effective physicochemical and functional properties and released more than 70% of the cloperastine hcl after 8 hours in drug release studies. the results of this study confirmed that the individual and composite forms of natural polymers in the studied ratio could control the release of cloperastine hydrochloride and could be used as effective nanoparticulate formulations for controlled release drug delivery of cloperastine hydrochloride.