Nano-Hydroxyapatite Remineralization of In-Situ Induced Enamel Caries

Biological mineralization is the process by which living organisms form minerals to strengthen or harden existing tissues. it is considered a dynamic and complex lifelong process that is understood to be exceptionally common and is observed in all taxonomic kingdoms. various structural features in mammals such as bone or enamel are the product of biomineralization. controlling the process of biomineralization is considered the key to the future of conservative dentistry and the principle of minimally invasive dentistry. the purpose of the current research was to determine the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite (nano- ha) on the remineralization of in-situ induced enamel caries. the biomineralizing materials represented by nano-hydroxyapatite were synthesized from raw natural origin materials (bovine bones), the characteristics of this material were examined by, ftir, xrd, sem and fesem before and after the remineralization of human teeth as a comparative study between the two materials. the xrd results displayed multiple diffraction peaks that indicate polycrystalline structures of the nanoparticles that compose the powder. the ftir study resulted in bands at 562, 598, 960 and 1018 cm-1 belonging to phosphate groups (po4)3 were found. these functional groups are characteristic of hydroxyapatite. all images released from the sem revealed clusters of nano-particles with hexagonal structures and different sizes ranging from 18 to 34 nanometers in dimension. the results reflected the significant role of the synthesized nano- ha in fortifying the enamel layer of human teeth. it concluded that the natural origin of synthetic nano- ha had the potential to produce an enamel-like layer.