fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells and synthesis of cunio2 nanostructures using a photo-irradiation technique

The synthesis method of nanomaterials, their shape, and sizes, is essential in improving the efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell by increasing energy absorption and conversion. in this work, metal oxide nanoparticles included: copper oxide (cuo), nickel oxide (nio), and binary cunio2, were successfully synthesized via a photolysis method using uv lamb. morphological, structural, optical, and electrical characterization were done using various techniques such as x-ray diffraction (xrd), field emission scanning electron microscope (fe-sem), transmitted electron microscope (tem), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscope (edx) and, photoluminescence spectroscopy (pl). x-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles were formed. the average particle size copper oxide (cuo), nickel oxide (nio), and binary cunio2 were rang 4-17 nm estimated by tem. the optical properties were analyzed using photoluminescence spectroscopy (pl), and the bandgaps of cuo, nio, and cunio2 nanoparticles were determined to be 2.83 ev, 3.4 ev and 2.04 ev sequentially. we used photochemically synthesized cuo, nio, and cunio2 nanoparticles to make dye-sensitized solar cells (dsscs). in this research, two counter electrodes have been used: graphene oxide nano-sheets and graphene oxidesilver nanocomposite were synthesized by modifying hummers presses. cibacron brilliant red b is one of the dyes used at the wasit governorate textile factory. the remainder is mostly discarded as wastewater used as a photosensitizer in our research. from the j -v curves, where efficiency ranged from 0.231 to 9.61 %, to 100 mw/cm2, the opening circuit voltage (voc), the short t current density (jsc), the fill factor (ff) and efficiency (h) was calculated. finally, cuo, nio, and cunio2 nanoparticles can be proven to increase the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells with brilliant b-dye cibacrons.