facile and benign synthesis of mono- and di-substituted benzimidazoles by using sno2 nanoparticles catalyst

Sno2 nanoparticles was establish to catalyze efficiently a cyclo-condensation of 1,2-phenylenediamine with aldehydes in ethanol solvent at room temperature to provide the mono- and di-substituted benzimidazole derivatives in appropriate yields and short reaction time. moreover, we used sno2 nanoparticles as an easily available, less expensive and probable under environmentally friendly conditions catalyst in this technique. therefore, this process presented significant advantageous including purification of target products by non-chromatographic procedure, low catalytic amount, simple efficient, application of recyclability and reusability of the catalyst, green and appropriate for the synthesis of a wide range of mono- and di-substituted benzimidazole derivatives. furthermore, water was the only by-products, which added to its desirability. benzimidazole derivatives have various range of pharmacological activities.sno2 nanoparticles is a noteworthy material due to its properties for instance high degree of transparency in the visible spectrum, strong thermal stability in air, low operating temperature and strong physical and chemical interaction with adsorbed species.