application of an amino acid as an efficient additive in fabrication of sn-perovskite solar cell

Herein, a famous amino acid, cysteine (lc), apply as an available and low cost additive to construct perovskite solar cells based on sn (sn-pscs). a carbon cell configuration is used to decrease the costs. in this study, we try to solve one of the most important issues in sn-pscs, the tin oxidation phenomenon. because, oxidation phenomenon results in p-type doping and severe device deterioration and low performance in sn-pscs. our results reveal that the adding of lc improves the photovoltaic parameters as a result of an effective decrease in sn^+2 oxidation. lc is a proper alternative for expensive additives to decrease tin oxidation. it is found that this strategy will open up a promising direction to application of these kinds of additives in the fabrication of sn-pscs.