تحلیل مفهوم مرگ در شعر بسام حجار با تکیه بر الگوی نشانه‌شناسی پیرس

نشانه‌شناسی به تحلیل ارتباط نشانه‌ها و دلالت‌ها و نحوۀ شکل‌گیری آنها می‌پردازد و نشانه‌شناسی ادبی در پی کشف ناشناخته‌های جهان درون متن از طریق واکاوی نشانه‌های زبانی و فهم ارتباطات معنایی میان واژگان شعر است. چارلز پیرس با الگوی سه وجهی خود برای ساختار نشانه تحول بزرگی در علم نشانه‌شناسی به وجود آورد و یک روش دقیق و علمی برای بررسی ساختار دلالتی شعر در اختیار ناقدان ادبی قرار داد. بسام حجار از شاعران نواندیشی است که مرگ یکی از مفاهیم و مضمون‌های اصلی شعر اوست و بخش اعظمی از اشعارش به مرگ و مرگ‌اندیشی اختصاص دارد. این مقاله سعی می‌کند بر پایۀ نظریۀ پیرس به بررسی فرایند ساخت نشانه‌های شعری مربوط به مفهوم مرگ در شعر بسام حجار بپردازد و پیام‌های مخفی در سطوح ژرف متن شعر او را بازگو کند. بر اساس نتایج پژوهش بسام حجار از رمزگان‌های زیبایی‌شناسی، مولف، زمانی، مکانی و محور همنشینی و جانشینی کلام برای تولید نشانه‌های شعری مرتبط با مفهوم مرگ استفاده کرده است و استفاده از دلالت‌های صریح واژگان شعرش مخاطب را به انتخاب دقیق دلالت ضمنی متناسب با مفهوم مرگ از میان دلالت‌های بی‌شمار کمک کرده و مقصود اصلی شاعر و دیدگاه و جهان‌بینی و احساسات متناقض او دربارۀ مرگ را که در خوانش اولیه قابل فهم نیست، نمایان ساخته است و لایه‌های ثانویۀ متن را آشکار کرده است.

Analysis of the Concept of Death in Bassam Hajar’’’’s Poetry Based on Peirce Semiotic Model

Semiotics investigates the relationship between symbols and meanings and their formation. Literary semiotics tries to discover the unknown of the world within the text by analyzing linguistic semiotics and understanding the semantic connections between the words of the poem. Charles Peircerevolutionized the semioticsby his threedimensional model of symbol structure and provided literary critics with a precise scientific method for examining the semantic structure of poetry. Bassam Hajar is one of the poets of modern thought that death is one of the main concepts and themes of his poetry and most of his poems are dedicated to death and death thinking. Based on Peirce’’s theory, this article tries to examine the process of making poetic symbols related to the concept of death in Bassam Hajar’’s poem and recounts the unrevealed messages in the deep levels of his poems. The results showed that he has used aesthetic, author, temporal, spatial and collocations codes to produce poetic symbols related to the concept of death.The use of explicit meanings of his poems words has helped the reader to choose carefully the implicit meaning appropriate to the concept of death from countless implicit meanings, revealing the poet’’s main purpose, ideology and contradictory feelings about death, which are incomprehensible in the first reading and uncovering the secondary layers of the text. Semiotics investigates the relationship between symbols and meanings and their formation. Literary semiotics tries to discover the unknown of the world within the text by analyzing linguistic semiotics and understanding the semantic connections between the words of the poem. Charles Peircerevolutionized the semioticsby his threedimensional model of symbol structure and provided literary critics with a precise scientific method for examining the semantic structure of poetry. Bassam Hajar is one of the poets of modern thought that death is one of the main concepts and themes of his poetry and most of his poems are dedicated to death and death thinking. Based on Peirce’’s theory, this article tries to examine the process of making poetic symbols related to the concept of death in Bassam Hajar’’s poem and recounts the unrevealed messages in the deep levels of his poems. The results showed that he has used aesthetic, author, temporal, spatial and collocations codes to produce poetic symbols related to the concept of death.The use of explicit meanings of his poems words has helped the reader to choose carefully the implicit meaning appropriate to the concept of death from countless implicit meanings, revealing the poet’’s main purpose, ideology and contradictory feelings about death, which are incomprehensible in the first reading and uncovering the secondary layers of the text.