بررسی سه مولفه سوررئالیسم در شعر محمدعلی شمس‌الدین

محمدعلی شمس‌الدین ازجمله شاعران نوپرداز معاصر لبنان است. اشعار او به سبب آشنایی با ادبیات و مکاتب غربی و همچنین علاقه به عرفان شرقی، سبکی ویژه دارد. شمس‌الدین در زندگی شعری خود به شعر سوررئالیستی رویاورد؛ به‌گونه‌ای‌که بیشتر اشعار او بر پایه سبکِ مبتنی ‌بر ناخودآگاه شکل گرفته ‌است. او خود را شاعری ماورایی می‌داند که چکامه‌هایش در عالم غیب ریشه دارند. در این پژوهش با بررسی شناسه‌های سوررئالیسم در شعر  محمد علی شمس‌الدین چنین می‌توان دریافت که سه مولفه «نگارش خودکار» و «جنون» و «رویا» در اشعار این شاعر نمود درخور توجهی دارد.  تاکنون پژوهشی درباره سوررئالیسم و نقش آن در اشعار این شاعر ارائه نشده‌است؛ به همین سبب پژوهشگران در این پژوهش کوشیده‌اند تا افزون‌بر نشان‌دادن تاثیرپذیری این شاعر از عرفان ایرانی اسلامی، سه مولفه سوررئالیسم را در اشعار او بررسی و تبیین کنند. معاصر بودن محمد علی شمس‌الدین با پیدایش مکتب سوررئالیسم همراه با تمایلات عرفانی، بر شاعر بسیار تاثیر گذاشته ‌است؛ به‌گونه‌ای‌که گویا اشعارش را در حالت ناخودآگاه و بی‌خویشی می‌سراید. با آشکارکردن نمودهای مختلف از سه مولفه سوررئالیسم (جنون، رویا، نگارش خودکار) در اشعار محمد علی شمس‌الدین، افزون‌بر معرفی اندیشه و نگرش شاعر، به شناخت گوشه‌ای از سبک شعری این شاعر نیز کمک خواهد شد.

An Investigation of the Three Features of Surrealism in the Poetry of Mohammad Ali Shams alDin

Mohammad Ali Shams alDin is one of the contemporary modernist poets of Lebanon. Due to his familiarity with Western literature and literary schools and his interest in Eastern mysticism, his poetry is of a unique style. His contemporaneity with the emergence of the school of surrealism, along with his mystical tendencies, has greatly influenced the poet so that his poems seem to be written unconsciously. Considering that he turned to surrealism, his poetry is written unconsciously as surrealism is based on the unconscious. He considers himself to be a poet of the supernatural whose roots lie in the universe of the unseen. One of the most prominent manifestations of surrealism in his poetry is the domination of dream over all of his poems. Revealing different aspects of the three features of surrealism, which are insanity, dream and automatic writing, in the poems of Shams alDin, in addition to introducing the poet’s ideas and attitudes, helps identify his poetic style. The necessity of this study is underlined by the fact that, so far, no comprehensive research has been done investigating the way surrealism, as a literary school which originated in the West, and an Eastern thought, that is IranianIslamic mysticism, influenced Shams alDin’s poetry. So, this article endeavors to demonstrate that Shams alDin has been under the influence of Iranian, Islamic, and Arab culture and civilization in his surrealistic tendencies and style. It is also noteworthy that autobiography is one of the methods that Shams alDin uses to express his inner experiences and mindset, especially in his mystical poems as this type of writing, i.e. autobiography, is based on the unconscious and is one of the main mediums employed in the school of surrealism. The present study, by scrutinizing the surrealistic factors in Shams alDin’s poetry, contends that the three features of surrealism have crucial roles in his poetry.