Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on Removal of lead using Tamarind fruit shell powder and Algae

The most of heavy metal contaminants come from various manufacturing industries. these heavy metals are toxic to human and aquatic systems even if they were present in low concentrations. many methods are available for remediation, but those are costly and ineffective. however based on extensive research work, it has found that waste materials like, tamarind bark, eggshells, agricultural wastes are well suited to remove heavy metals from waste water using biosorption technique.biosorption is environmentally eco-friendly and alternative method for removal of heavy metals. in this present investigation, tamarind fruit shell and algae were used as biosorbents for lead removal. the optimum agitation time,dosage,initial metal ion concentration and ph were studied.the experimental data is fitted to freundlich and langmuir isotherm models,but well suited to freundlich model.the kinetic data followed the pseudo second order kinetics.the maximum lead removal using tamarind fruit shell is 82.1 % and 73.1 % for algae biosorbent.