Study of Physico-chemical quality of groundwater in the rural commune of SFAFAA (Sidi Slimane Gharb,Morocco)

The aim of this work is to study the physico-chemical quality of groundwater in the water table of the sfafaa's municipality district (morocco). we have carried out a qualitative study of the water in different sites of the irrigated perimeter of sfafaa located in the province of sidi slimane gharb. in fact several measurement campaigns (ph,groundwater depth) and laboratory analysis (ionic balance) were conducted to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of water. we prospected 17 wells distributed into 6 zones: a,b,c,d,e,and f. data were statistically analyzed using the analysis of variance (anova). the results showed that the depth of water table varies between 9 and 12 m and that 70.6% of the studied wells was highly to extremely saline and then inadequate for irrigation. the studied zones do not have the same salinity level. in fact,the e and f zones represent a significantly higher salinity compared to other zones. this was confirmed by the sodium and chloride rates. similarly,the difference was statistically significant between zones for calcium,magnesium,potassium,carbonates,nitrates and sulfate. in conclusion,the use of waters of low quality for the irrigation leads to soil degradation by an accumulation of salts. this accumulation is more or less important depending on the quality of water,the nature of the soil,the climate and the way of irrigation. in order to overcome this situation of water degradation in the sfafaa region,farmers should use efficiently and rationally fertilizers as well as water saving irrigation techniques and salt tolerant crops.