Effect of cold and mannitol pretreatment on the androgenesis and gynogenesis in spring barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.) [Effet de prétraitement au froid et au mannitol sur l'androgenèse et la gynogenèse chez des variétés d'orge de printemps (Hordeum vulgare L.)]

In the context of obtaining haploid plants by in vitro culture of anthers (androgenesis) and unfertilized ovaries (gynogenesis) in barley (hordeum vulgare) cultivars: asni and tamelalt.,we studied the effect of cold pretreatment at 4 ° c during 21 days (thermal shock) and 0.7m mannitol for 3 days (osmotic shock). a set of 5221 anthers and 2379 ovaries were cultured on induction medium and regeneration olsen. the results show the positive effect of cold pretreatment on androgenic induction of calluses and/or embryos and regeneration of plants mostly among the cultivar tamelalt but with a high proportion of albino plants. in gynogenesis,all plants regenerated from ovaries (without any pretreatment) or pretreated with mannitol were of type chlorophyllous (4 for tamelalt and 2 of asni).