investigating electrical and ferroelectric properties of nd doped bifeo3-pbtio3 solid solutions

The effect of different nd and pt compositions on the electrical and ferroelectric properties of (1-y)bi1-xndxfeo3-ypbtio3 solid solutions, where x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and y = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4, was investigated to optimise material performance. nd doping enhances the frequency-dependent dielectric properties of produced solid solutions. however, an anomaly in the dielectric loss tangent, which is consistent with the debye relaxation process, is observed for compositions with x˂0.10 and y≥0.2 values in the frequency range of 1 khz to 1 mhz. dielectric anomalies were more noticeable around the transition temperature in temperature-dependent dielectric characteristics plots, suggesting stronger magnetoelectric interactions. the decrease in the dielectric constant for solid solution compositions with y ≥0.3 indicates the presence of mpb with bfo due to an increase in the tetragonal phase of the pbtio3 compound. as nd content increases, temperature-dependent dielectric permittivity predicts relaxor-type ferroelectric performance for y=0.4 composition of solid solutions. a ferroelectric investigation showed that saturation polarisation, remnant polarisation, and coercive field of all prepared solid solutions decrease with increased nd doping. however, for y˃0.3 composition, a substantial rise in these parameters was observed, which is a result of electric order dominating over magnetic order in solid solutions. the study reveals that nd doping reduces leakage current, making it a promising contender for future applications.