ball milling and post annealing as an effective route to synthesize co1-xcuxsbs paracostibite thermoelectric material

Metal sulfides containing nontoxic and earth abundant elements have emerged as new environmentally friendly thermoelectric materials. in the present work, a new, fast and large scale route to synthesise bulk nanostructured co1xcuxsbs paracostibite is presented. stoichiometric compositions of co1xcuxsbs nanoparticles with 0 le; x le; 0.08 were first processed by high energy ball milling for 3 h, and then annealed at different temperatures between 400 ordm;c to 650 ordm;c for 1 h. the phase transitions and diffusion process during annealing were thoroughly studied by xray diffraction (xrd) and scanning electron microscopy (sem). agglomerated nanoparticles with sizes in the range from 40 nm to 80 nm were obtained after 3 h of ball milling, and remained below 100 nm after annealing and hot pressing. the thermoelectric properties of hot pressed samples, including the seebeck coefficient (s), electrical conductivity ( sigma;) and thermal conductivity (k), were measured from room temperature up to 723 k. all the samples exhibited a ptype semiconductor character at room temperature and underwent a transition from ptype to ntype conduction above 473 k. a maximum zt value of 0.12 was obtained for co0.06cu0.04sbs4 at 723 k.