an investigation on the effect of magnetic field on induced fluid flow and heat transfer using cfd-dem

Magnetic nanofluids are innovative materials that have gained significant attention recently due to their unique properties and potential applications in various fields. these fluids consist of magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in a carrier fluid, which can be manipulated by an external magnetic field. a magnetic field causes particles to aggregate in chain-like formations, enhancing their conduction heat flux. this anisotropic phenomenon has been extensively researched in the literature. this study has also investigated the convection heat flux that arises from the induced fluid flow resulting from particle motion. a numerical simulation was performed using cfd-dem coupling modeling through comsol multiphysics 6.1. the findings indicate that as the magnetic field strength increases, the chain-like clusters in the magnetic fluid become more prominent, thereby enhancing the anisotropic nature of conduction heat transfer in the fluids. a higher conduction heat flux is observed in magnetic fields parallel to the temperature gradient compared to those perpendicular to it. furthermore, the motion of the particles disrupted the base fluid's hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers. no convection heat transfer was detected in magnetic fields of 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05 tesla. however, at 0.1 tesla and a 4% volume concentration, a significant disparity was observed between total and conduction heat transfer, suggesting the presence of convection heat transfer.