conversion of spent tea waste for solid carbon fuel via hydrothermal carbonization process

This research aimed to study the effect of hydrothermal carbonization (htc) process constraints like reaction temperature and contact time of the hydrochar produced via conversion of spent waste tea (swt), at the time of removing the environment of the pollutant swt, then to study the hydrochar produced by the htc process. at the range of temperatures, the swt feed amount was 5 g, 2 mpa n2 pressure, with a constant contact time of 45 min, with various temperatures of 150, 175, and 200 °c, respectively. at the range of residence times, the 5g of swt, 2 mpa n2 pressure, at constant temperature at 200 °c (the finest degree it was found), and the various contact durations at 30, 45, and 60 minutes, respectively. the characterization process was carried out via physical properties, higher heating values (hhvs), proximate and ultimate analysis, energy recovery (er), and energy yield (ey). the results showed that the swt reached carbon contents and the highest hhv. the conversion of swt by the htc process could be used as a solid carbon fuel for energy generation and to rid the environment of pollutant materials.