The identity of the early Qajarid architectural decoration and its sources from the beginning to the end of Fat'h ali shah period (1785-1834)

The qajar dynasty came to power after the zand rulers. during this period persia witnessed some of its most decisive changes, mainly originating from international developments. the rise of the qajar dynasty brought to an end a long period of political instability that characterized eighteenth-century persia. the beginning of the qajar period coincided with the french revolution, the drafting of the american constitution, and the rise of industrial europe; its end came with the great war and the dramatic collapse of the imperial system that came in the war’s aftermath. such international developments brought about a new socio-political and cultural environment. as a result, persia was influenced by european diplomacy, frightened by its armies, and fascinated by its culture and artistry. resistance to the russian and british empires caused territorial losses, diminishing prestige, loss of control in its domestic affairs, and the threat of disintegration. as a result of drastic sociopolitical and cultural alteration during the qajar period, art emerged with a new style and theme. qajarid decoration however was the first stage in the disruption of persian architecture. it is noteworthy that religious buildings were less influenced than the secular buildings. in contrast with politics qajarid mural decoration and painting has been studied by relatively few scholars, some of these examinations have focused on european influence on qajar art, but in general these mainly analyse qajar art in technique without specific focus on the environmental factors.