comparative research of the amount of cooling and heating loads in three residential, institutional, and educational occupancies

The energy demand has increased worldwide, and the construction industry makes up a high percentage of energy consumption. different design components, construction, and exploitation regarding construction energy consumption and the drive towards sustainability have been considered; however, energy conservation with an emphasis on the user’s behaviours has been ignored. this research aims to provide a quantitative definition of the impact of behaviour on energy loads in three residential, institutional, and educational occupancies in one apartment through survey and simulation. in this research, by allocating three different occupancies to one building in qom, each occupant's cooling and heating loads have been compared in a one-year interval. first, the building modelling was carried out in ecotet software and put in energyplus software. then, the outcomes were compared by assuming a single building and describing three different patterns of using the space in energyplus. the results show that the reduction or increase in energy loads in each occupancy was influenced by the number of users and the patterns of their activities or clothing. reducing the duration of the presence or changing the work hours in warm seasons of the year can significantly help reduce energy consumption in educational and institutional occupancies in hot and dry climates. the residential users’ economic motives can be one of the reasons for reduced energy consumption in residential occupancies compared to institutional occupancies.