the indication methods and techniques of urban light pollution

The goal of this study is to review and categorize approaches and methods of facing urban light pollution. probing various references and documents, the current practice focus on extracting and reviewing different types of urban light pollution detection, survey, and measurement to define a taxonomy of methods by instant comparison. the means of measurement and detecting this pollution include 14 most cited techniques that have been classified in four categories in this paper. these methods comprise ground-based surveys, aerial surveys, remote sensing, and city modeling. finally, this paper represents a framework of the methods to show how and when they should be employed considering the pros and cons of each one of these methods. by creating a foundation of specialized arguments, this study helps researchers and urban designers to complete urban lighting research and design. in addition, it provides base information for the analysis of urban light pollution.