development and characterization of niosomal gel system using lallementia royaleana benth. mucilage for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Niosomes structural framework comprises of non-ionic surfactant-based microscopic lamellar structures which carries the potential to sustain the effect of drug from its delivery system. in present work, the attempt was made to identify the effect of different ingredients such as effect of tweens and natural mucilage of lallemantia royaleana benth. on the performance of developed niosomal gel formulations in order to prolong the duration of action of drug and to minimize its side effects of topical conventional drug administration. all ibuprofen loaded niosomes formulationswere prepared by ether injection method; using cetosteryl alcohol with different variants of tweens and spans. various evaluation parameters were performed to confirm niosome formation. further, the niosomes were incorporated into gel system and evaluated for in-vitro permeability study (ex-vivo) on excised rat skin by membrane diffusion method and invivo study by carrageenan induced rat paw edema model. the best selected niosome formulation f9 gave no sedimentation, layer separation and unchanged particle shapes and thus selected for gel preparation using lallemantia royaleana benth. mucilage and carbopol in different ratios. exvivo and in-vivo studies indicated high skin retention and penetration rates within the skin for tests niosomal gel formulations (g1 & g2). the present study suggested that developed topical gel formulation provides enhance permeability and longer duration of drug action over conventional gels.