Analysis of the IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α Gene Polymorphisms in Patients With Vesicoureteral Reflux Among the Southeast Iranian Population

Background: vesicoureteral reflux (vur) is a common childhood disorder that is characterized by the abnormal movement of urine from the bladder into the ureters or kidneys. objectives: the aim of this study was to determine whether the genetic polymorphisms of the il-10, il-12, and tnf-α genes are involved in the development of vur. patients and methods: the tetra amplification mutation refractory system-polymerase chain reaction (tetra-arms pcr) was applied to analyze the four polymorphic sites of the il-10ag-1082, il-10ca597, il-12ca1188, and tnf308ga genes in 124 vur children and 110 healthy controls. results: a significant, highly increased risk of vur disease was found for the ca, aa, and combined genotypes of il-10ca597 (or = 5.2, 95% cl: 1.80 - 18.25; p = 0.0006, or = 9.1, 95% cl: 1.11 - 122.75; p = 0.02, or = 5.3, 95% cl: 1.82 - 18.61; p = 0.00052, respectively); the ag, gg, and ag + gg genotypes of il-10ag-1082 (or = 12.8, 95% cl; 2.9 - 113.9; p = 0.00003, or = 12.62, 95% cl: 2.93 - 114.53; p = 0.00003, respectively); and the aa genotype of il-12 (aa, or = 0.19, 95% cl: 0.5 - 0.55; p = 0.0006). the frequency of the c allele in both il-10ca and il-12ca was greater in patients with vur than in the healthy controls. no association was found between tnf308ga and the risk of vur. conclusions: the results demonstrated significant associations between the il-10 (ag-1089, il- 10ca) and il-12 (aa) gene polymorphisms and a highly increased risk of vur.