تبیین خود‌شفقت‌ورزی براساس سبک‌های دلبستگی و کمال‌گرایی

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎی ﻣﺤﻮری ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺷﺮق و ﺳﻨﺖ ﺑﻮداﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻞ روانﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻏﺮب ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺧﻮدﺷﻔﻘﺖورزی اﺳﺖ. ﺧﻮد ﺷﻔﻘﺖورزی، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎی ﺷﻔﻘﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ رﻧﺠﯽ دروﻧﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، روﺷﯽ ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ﺑﺮای ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺷﺪن ﺑﻪ اﻓﮑﺎر و اﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت ﻧﺎراﺣﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻬﺰﯾﺴﺘﯽ ذﻫﻨﯽ و ﺟﺴﻤﯽ را اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﺎﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﯾﺎ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺿﺮوری اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ واﺳﻄﻪای ﮐﻤﺎلﮔﺮاﯾﯽ در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺒﮏﻫﺎی دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ و ﺧﻮد ﺷﻔﻘﺖورزی داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: ﻃﺮح اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻮع ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ در آن رواﺑﻂ ﻋﻠّﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺪلﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎری ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎری اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن دﺧﺘﺮ و ﭘﺴﺮ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﯿﺮاز در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ 97-98 ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ 295 داﻧﺸﺠﻮ 162دﺧﺘﺮ %54/9 و 133 ﭘﺴﺮ %45/1 ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮی ﺧﻮﺷﻪای ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪای ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺑﺎزﺑﯿﻨﯽﺷﺪهی ﺳﺒﮏ دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﺰرﮔﺴﺎل ﮐﻮﻟﯿﻨﺰ و رﯾﺪ 1990 ، ﺧﻮدﺷﻔﻘﺖورزی- ﻓﺮم ﮐﻮﺗﺎه راﺋﺲ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران 2010 و ﮐﻤﺎلﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻫﯿﻞ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران 2004 را ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎری ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار amos، ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از ﺑﺮازش ﺧﻮب ﻣﺪل ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ دادهﻫﺎی ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺪل ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎری ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺳﺒﮏ دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ اﺟﺘﻨﺎﺑﯽ، اﺛﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮدﺷﻔﻘﺖورزی دارد. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ، ﺳﺒﮏﻫﺎی دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ، ﮐﻤﺎلﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر و ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎر را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮار دادﻧﺪ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ، ﻧﻘﺶ واﺳﻄﻪای ﮐﻤﺎلﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر و ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎر در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺒﮏﻫﺎی دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ و ﺧﻮدﺷﻔﻘﺖورزی ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺒﮏﻫﺎی دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ و ﮐﻤﺎلﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦﮐﻨﻨﺪه در ﺧﻮدﺷﻔﻘﺖورزی داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن دارﻧﺪ.

explanation of self-compassion based on attachment styles and perfectionism

introduction: one of the central structures of eastern philosophy and buddhist tradition, which is considered in western psychology circles, is the concept of self-compassion. self-compassion, which can be understood as compassion for the experience of suffering turned inward, is a productive way of approaching distressing thoughts and emotions that engenders mental and physical well-being. therefore, it is necessary to identify the antecedents or factors affecting this concept. the purpose of the present study was to explain the mediating role of perfectionism in the relationship between attachment styles and students' self-compassion.materials and methods: the design of the present study is correlational in which the causal relationships between variables were studied in the form of structural equation modeling. the statistical population of the present study included all male and female undergraduate students of shiraz university in the academic year of 2018 , of which 295 students 162 girls 54.9% and 133 boys 45.1% by the method multi-stage random cluster sampling was selected and completed the revised adult attachment style scale collins & read, 1990 , self-compassion-short form raes, neff & van guchet, 2010 and perfectionism scales hill & et al., 2004 .findings: the findings of structural equation model showed that avoidant attachment style has a direct effect on self-compassion. attachment styles also influenced adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism. in addition, the mediating role of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism in the relationship between attachment styles and self-compassion was acknowledged.conclusion: according to this research findings, it can be concluded that attachment styles and perfectionism play a decisive role in students' self-compassion.