بهینه یابی فرم سایبان برای بازشوهای خانه های سنتی شهر خرم آباد با استفاده از نرم افزار ecotect analysis (نمونه موردی: خانه کشفی)

مصرف بالای انرژی، یکی از دغدغه‌های مهم جهانی در دهه‌های گذشته بوده است. ازآن‌جا که یکی از محورهای نیل به توسعه پایدار، بهینه‌سازی مصرف انرژی می‌باشد، ارائه راهکارهایی دراین زمینه، به ویژه در بخش ساختمان و مسکن، از اهمیت فراوانی برخوردار است. درحال حاضر استفاده از سایبان‌ها، یکی از روش‌های متداول برای بهینه‌سازی مصرف انرژی ساختمان و ایجاد شرایط آسایش محیطی می‌باشد. پژوهش حاضر، با هدف دست‌یابی به آسایش حرارتی در محیط‌های مسکونی، به بهینه‌یابی فرم سایبان برای بازشوها، نه فقط برای مواقع خاص، بلکه برای استفاده در تمام طول سال پرداخته است. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر، خانه‌های سنتی دورة قاجار در شهر خرم‌آباد است که از بین این بناها، خانه کشفی به عنوان نمونه مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نوآوری پژوهش حاضر، بهره‌گیری از اطلاعات اقلیمی در کنار دانش معماری در جهت فرم‌‌یابی بهینه سایبان در جهت دست‌یابی به آسایش حرارتی است. برای رسیدن به فرم بهینه سایبان برای بازشوها، با استفاده از تحلیل اطلاعات دمایی شهر خرم‌آباد در بازه زمانی دوازده سال و برای ساعات مختلف، تقویم نیاز به سایه و آفتاب این شهر برای تمامی طول سال به دست آمد. با شبیه‌سازی سه بعدی خانه کشفی در نرم‌افزار ecotect analysis و وارد نمودن اطلاعات جغرافیایی و آب و هوایی شهر خرم‌آباد به وسیله نرم‌افزار element، نقاب سایه بازشو‌ها در هر طبقه به دست آمد. که در نهایت با انطباق نقاب سایه بازشوها با تقویم نیاز به سایه و آفتاب بر روی نمودار مسیر حرکت خورشید، محدوده‌‌ای که توسط سایبان مورد طراحی باید پوشش داده شود مشخص شد. در نهایت سایبانی را برای بازشوهای این بنا بر اساس بررسی اطلاعات دمایی دوازده ساله طراحی کرده که نه تنها برای مواقع مشخصی از سال پوشش دهنده و تامین کننده آسایش حرارتی بنا باشد، بلکه درتمامی طول سال بر اساس نیازهای حرارتی عمل کند و آسایش ساکنان را مرتفع نماید.

optimizing the sunshade form for the opening of traditional houses in khorramabad using ecotect analysis software (case study: kashfi house)

introduction: nowadays, high energy consumption has been one of the major global concerns in recent decades. since one of the axis of achieving sustainable development is the optimization of energy consumption, providing solutions in this field, especially in the construction and housing sector, is of great importance. currently, the use of sunshades is one of the common methods to optimize the energy consumption of the building and create environmental comfort conditions. basically, in order to achieve thermal comfort inside the building, the operation of the open and closed parts of the wall must be carefully coordinated, and when there is a need for shade, the temperature of the indoor air must be increased. therefore, the main purpose of designing sunshades will be to adapt them to the need for shade and sun in each area, so that when the need for shade prevented the direct penetration of sunlight into the room and in the need for the sun to allow this to enter. give the rays into the room. creating shadows on windows or glass walls prevents direct sunlight on the glass surface, and as a result, the heat generated by the sun in the space behind the glass is greatly reduced. this amount of reduction depends on the location of the shadow created. exterior sunshades can reduce up to 90% of indoor sunshades by only 20 to 25% of the thermal effect of sunlight in a room. the effect of shading and the use of related techniques, in addition to providing indoor thermal comfort, has a significant effect on creating favorable thermal conditions and heat intake of people in outdoor environments.materials and methods: according to the purpose of the research, the research method is applied and in terms of strategy and nature, it is a simulation, modeling, and logical reasoning. in this study, at first, with the method of measuring climatic-environmental variables, in order to achieve the optimal shape of the sunshade for the opening of a kashfi house in the city of khorramabad, it was done as follows:1- the average temperature changes per hour during the day for twelve years in the city of khorramabad was recorded in a table. 2- in this table, the characteristics of the moments when the air temperature reaches 20 degrees celsius were determined and the location of those moments was marked with a dot in another chart that includes temperature variables and days of the month for one hour. 3- from the connection of the obtained points on the calendar chart, the need for shade and sun and according to the hours of sunrise and sunset, the range of need for shade during the day for one year was obtained. 4- by transferring the obtained points on the path of the sun, the area of need for shade and sun was marked on this diagram. then, using ecotect analysis software, the shadow mask for the desired opening was obtained and, by matching the area of need for shade and sun on the diagram of the sun’s path with the desired opening shadow mask, the appropriate shape of the sunshade of the opening was obtained. results and discussion: based on twelve-year data analysis of khorramabad city temperature and obtaining the calendar of the need for shade and sun in this city and transferring it on the diagram of the path of the sun, when the need for shade and sun for building openings in this city obtained; by modeling the kashfi house in the ecotect analysis software environment and obtaining a calendar of the need for shade and sun for the examined openings and its adaptation to the diagram of the need for shade and sun, the range of need for shade and sun to be covered by the sunshade is determined. conclusion: by specifying the range obtained in the diagram of the need for shade and sun in the city of khorramabad, the features and specifications of the sunshade that covers the desired area were obtained. therefore, considering that the sidewalls of the yard act as vertical side sunshades for first-floor openings, the first-floor opening sunshades do not need vertical side sunshades. however, due to the lack of this possibility, the second-floor sunshade also has a vertical side sunshade