تحلیل تاب‌آوری اقلیمی تابش در طراحی اقلیمی شهرهای ساحلی مازندران، نمونه موردی: شهر ساحلی نور

کاربرد اصول و روش‌های طراحی اقلیمی با استفاده از منابع تجدیدپذیر برای ایجاد تاب‌آوری اقلیمی، کارآمدترین مهندسی ساخت است که منجر به کاهش آسیب‌پذیری، افزایش سازگاری اقلیمی و آسایش اقلیمی می‌شود. از این‌رو؛ تاب‌آوری اقلیمی ساختمان‌های ساحلی در مقابل تابش، که موجب تامین نور روزانه، آسایش حرارتی و کنترل انرژی در فضای داخلی می‌شود، درسطوح و پوسته مهم و با ساعت و عمق تابش مرتبط است. هدف از این پژوهش مطالعه و تحلیل نحوه ایجاد تا‌ب‌آوری اقلیمی در ساختمان‌های شهرهای ساحلی مازندران به‌ویژه در شهر ساحلی نور است. روش این پژوهش توصیفی تحلیلی است که از نظر هدف، کاربردی و با توجه به داده و مدل خروجی از لحاظ اجرا تحقیقی است. .ابزار پژوهش، داده‌های سنوپتیکی در بازه زمانی (1398-1364) و نرم‌افزار اکوتکت.2011 است. تحلیل داده‌ها از نوع تالیف آماری که داده‌ها در جدول تنظیم و به شکل مدل و دیاگرام ارائه شده است. نتایج یافته‎های سینوپتیکی و تحلیل نرم‌افزار اکوتکت در شهر ساحلی نور نشان می‌دهد، منطقه دارای 1883.2 ساعت تابش با ضریب 500 وات بر متر مربع است. چگالی تابش روزانه 79 درصد بر ساختمان است که 2.5 درصد آن تابش مستقیم است. مناسب‌ترین جهات تابش، جنوبی، جنوب‎شرقی و شرقی و نامناسب‌ترین جهت غربی است. سازگاری دما و تهویه برای تعویض هوا هر ساعت 2.24 وات بر متر مربع است. نوع شاخص تاب‌آوری اقلیمی منطقه سازگاری غیر فعال با شیب رگرسیون 0.93 می‎باشد که در بحران‌های اقلیمی توانایی بازگشت به حالت اولیه را دارد. . مناسب‌ترین نوع طراحی برای شهر ساحلی نور، تکنیک‌ طراحی غیر فعال از جمله: توجه به جرم حرارتی، برودت تبخیری مستقیم ،غیرمستقیم، گرمایش غیر فعال تابشی، تهویه شبانه و طبیعی است. برای بهره تابشی بیشتر نیز، کاربرد تکنیک فعال در طراحی فضاهای مسکونی با نما و سقف خورشیدی با زاویه شیب 46 تا 51 درجه به سمت جنوب و جنوب‎غربی ساختمان مناسب است.

Climatic Radiation Resilience Analysis in Climatic Design of Mazandaran Coastal Cities, Case study: Noor Coastal City

IntroductionClimate change has upset some natural balances, including; Radiation is the result of rising greenhouse gases and global warming, manifested by changes in the longterm average temperature and precipitation in drought forms, rising floods, rising sea levels, and rising ocean surface temperatures And new designs called &Climate Design& were developed against the damage caused by these effects to provide the necessary flexibility in Climate change has upset some natural balances, including; Radiation is the result of rising greenhouse gases and global warming, manifested by changes in the longterm average temperature and precipitation in drought forms, rising floods, rising sea levels, and rising ocean surface temperatures Equivalent to climate crises, which have been called &climate resilience& by thinkers, and is an important component in climate change and the ability to prepare the system in the face of these effects and return to its original state Climate Resilience in Climate Design refers to the use of renewable energy and resilient materials and ecosystems, which revolve around smart climate construction, resilience and resilience of cities to adapt to the effects of current and future climate change .Materials and MethodsData collection in this study is based on synoptic information in the period (19852019), which is based on the thermal analysis of the construction site using the 2011 Ecotect software. The criterion for selecting the coastal city of Noor for research is the presentation of climate resilience design in the building to better control energy in the building by passive methods and thermal comfort. The results of the findings are presented in the form of tables and graphs and analyzed.Noor city with a location between 36 degrees and 2 minutes to 36 degrees and 34 minutes north latitude and 51 degrees and 20 minutes to 52 degrees and 18 minutes east longitude with a height of 19 meters above sea level.(figure1) Figure (1) Map of the geographical location of NoorDiscussion and ResultsAccording to the research findings and available data, software tables and output with new findings in the research area, the study of climatic elements shows that during the statistical period (13641398) the total annual radiation is 1884 hours, the average annual temperature 16.5 degrees Celsius, the average relative humidity is 81 percent, the average wind speed is 1.4 meters per second and the number of frosts is 5 days. Examining the results of thermal analysis in the research area shows a structural relationship between building and thermal mass according to the rate of rotation of the building to the south and southwest, which increases the thermal function of the building indoors. The slope of regression is 0.93, which is the numerical value of the region’s climatic resilience in climate change, it has the power to return to its original state. For ventilation in the building, the direction of the window in the building is very important. In the research area, the rate of adaptation of ventilation and temperature for changing the consumed air was 2.21 watts per square meter per hour, which is done using windows and heat exchangers. The radiation factor is 500 watts per square meter. The daily radiation density is 79% of the building, which is 2.5% of the direct radiation range on the building. The most suitable daily light is from the south, southeast and east, and the most unfavorable direction is west, which is due to the intensity of the radiation at sunset with the decrease in the daily height of the radiation. For sustainable climate design with a climate resilience approach, six inactive radiant design techniques have been proposed in the comfort zone; Thermal mass, direct and indirect evaporative cooling, inactive radiant heating, night ventilation and natural ventilation. Establishment of buildings in the southwest, northeast, east and southeast has led to climate resilience and a sustainable climate design in the region, which can be designed with residential spaces equipped with intelligent facade system, facade and solar roof using photovoltaic systems with a slope angle of 46 to 51 degrees south and southwest, 71 percent of the building’s thermal energy is provided.ConclusionResearchers use climate resilience as a tool for better decisionmaking in natural hazards, empowerment of infrastructure, innovation in the process of urban governance in dealing with climate change. This study has analyzed and evaluated the residential area in comparison with the research work of Fernandez et al. (2019) who dealt with the climatic resilience of the city. Compared to the study of Louis and Wang (2019) in Weidung, the equivalent has been researched with them, with the difference that in addition to Ecotect, they used climate consulting software, which is lacking in the present study. Manafluian et al. (2019) studied human and physical factors in measuring climatic resilience in Tabriz, but this research has entered the natural field. Modiri et al. (2012) on the best location of the building based on radiation in Gorgan believed that the south and southwest directions have the best radiation, which in the present study, in addition to the south and southwest, east and southeast directions also have the best radiation. And climatic resilience in these respects is necessary for climatic comfort. Pir Mohammadi and Rafiei (2015) also stated that the purpose of climate design is to reduce energy loss. In the present study, the climatic resilience of the building leads to a reduction of energy loss and a sustainable climate design in buildings within the research area.