مکان‌یابی بهینه استقرار گلخانه‌های کشت سبزیجات پر مصرف در استان قم (با تاکید بر مصرف بهینه انرژی)

با توجه به محدودیت منابع، یکی از مهمترین عوامل موثر در جهت مصرف بهینه انرژی در کشت گلخانه ای، توجه به شرایط اقلیمی به ویژه  دما در مکانیابی محل  استقرار واحدهای گلخانه  است. از آنجایی که هر محصول نیاز به شرایط دمایی خاص دارد، می توان با مکان یابی صحیح واحدهای گلخانه بر اساس کشتهای غالب در هر منطقه انرژی مصرفی را به طور قابل ملاحظه ای در این صنعت کاهش داد و از هدر رفت مقادیر زیادی انرژی و صرف هزینه های هنگفت جلوگیری کرد. در این تحقیق برای نیل به این هدف، داده های روزانه دمای 6 ایستگاه هواشناسی در سطح استان قم که دارای اطلاعات کامل در دوره آماری 2015-2005 استفاده شد. در این پژوهش جهت پهنه بندی نیازهای فصلی و سالانه گرمایشی و سرمایشی استان ابتدا در محیط اکسل داده ها پردازش و معادله همبستگی بین نیازهای فوق با ارتفاع تشکیل و سپس با استفاده از نرم افزار سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (gis و بکارگیری لایه رقومی dem محدوده مورد مطالعه، نقشه های نیازهای گرمایشی و سرمایشی ترسیم شد. نتایج این پژوهش  نشان میدهد که  میزان نیاز انرژی برای مصارف سرمایش (cdd) و گرمایش (hdd) در فصول مختلف سال، تابع ارتفاع  بوده و در نواحی کوهستانی غرب و جنوب استان ، میزان نیاز به گرمایش سالانه بیشتر بوده و با حرکت  به سمت شرق و شمال استان ، نیاز سرمایشی افزایش می یابد. در واقع الگوی زمانی و مکانی  نیاز سرمایشی و گرمایشی از شرایط ارتفاعی منطقه تبعیت می کند. کمترین درجات  سرمایش سالانه به ترتیب در جنوب به مقدار (122.06) در ایستگاه وشنوه و بیشترین آن در  ایستگاه کوه سفید در شرق استان قم به مقدار (796.27) وجود دارد. همچنین بیشترین و کمترین نیاز گرمایش سالانه در ایستگاه وشنوه و قم به ترتیب به مقدار (2782.37) و (1705.55) دیده می شود. نتایج نشان داد که به ازای هر 100 متر افزایش ارتفاع ،میزان نیازسرمایشی محیط گلخانه50.62 درجه روز کاهش و مقدار میزان نیاز گرمایشی 84.52 درجه روز افزایش می یابد.همچنین دوره سرمایش 4.8 روز کوتاهتر و دوره گرمایش 5.8 روز طولانی تر میشود نتایج و دستاوردهای این تحقیق برای مکانیابی بهینه کشت‌های گلخانه در جهت توسعه پایدار حائز اهمیت است.

Optimum location of greenhouse cultivation of vegetables high consume in Qom province (with an emphasis on minimal energy needs )

Introduction Energy consumption monitoring plays a major role in the sustainable development and optimization of designing applications with the least energy consumption. One of the basic human problems is food supply. Countries can grow and develop, focusing on three principles of access to energy, attention to human resources and the provision of food. Because to the limited resources and energy in the future, attention to energy optimization is important. In Iran, taking into account dry condition and increase of demand for various productions  , greenhouse crops have been booming. Considering the importance of supplying and managing energy consumption in greenhouse crops, consideration of optimal areas location is reduce energy consumption is account in applied planning. Therefore, in this research, with emphasis on environmental and climatic condition, tries to investigate the appropriate location with consideration of amount of heating and cooling requirements. Materials and methods: In this study we  uses of documentarystatistical method. Datas of daily temperature are analyses based on a current period of 2005 to 2015 in 6 stations in the Qom Province .In this study, the location of the time the energy required for cooling and heating, using the optimize threshold. We uses of ArcGIS 10/2 software and DEM map for to draw the annual and seasonal plans of heating and cooling of selected stations in Qom province.. First, the data were collected and adjusted in Excel, and then the correlation between the height and indicators of the annual and seasonal heating and cooling requirements of the formulation was rune in the GIS software.  Results and discussion The results showed that the amount of cooling and heating demand is changed each season. In winter, the most needed heating needs at veshnaveh station with 1527 °  degree day. The lowest heating requirement  is at the Qom station with 1092 degree day. On average, in winter, more than 1100 heating degree day is needed to adjust the temperature of the environment. In the fall, according to the location of the stations located in the west of the province, due to the higher elevation, more heat demand is needed to adjust the temperature of the environment. In the summer, only the cooling day temperature is necessary to adjust the temperature of the environment. In this season, the minimum CDD is at the veshnaveh Station and the highest amount at Qom station is required to 569 ° C. In the spring, as in other seasons, according to climate and location, the CDD and HDD status changes. The winter season, like the fall season, requires cooling at all stations to be zero, but the need for heating at all stations is very high, with the highest being at Wandshake Station with (1524.22) at a higher elevation. As shown in the following maps, in the autumn, the need for cooling other than the South and the West, which is zero, is very low in the rest of the region as compared to the need for heating. So that the heating demand in this season in the south with the highest (810.24) and the center with the lowest (484.13) have the lowest. Conclusion In this study, optimal location of greenhouse cultivation of cultivated vegetables in Qom province (with emphasis on optimal energy consumption) was investigated. The results indicated that the factor that can be considered as one of the most important basic information in estimating the amount of energy needed to warm the greenhouse in the cold season or cooling it in the warm season is information that Utilizing them will have fruitful results in planning and decision making in the enTherefore, according to the heating and cooling maps and charts, the annual amount of Qom stations can be said that the amount of heating and cooling required is a function of height. As far as the west of the province and south of the province are concerned, the height increases, CDD decreases and the HDD increases. The vast parts of the east of the province, which have desert and plain climates, require the highest amount (CDD) and the least amount (HDD) per year in the region.ergy sectorB. The results show that for each 100 m elevation, the amount of cooling medium (50.62) decreases and the ambient warming (84.52) increases..