the effects of combined therapeutic protocol on allergic rhinitis symptoms and molecular determinants

Current medications to treat allergic rhinitis (ar) include antihistamines, corticosteroids, and anti-leukotrienes. in the present study, we investigated the effects of combination therapy; using these drugs, and evaluates the ar-related markers and parameters in an animal model. after inducing balb/c mice ar models, the animals were treated with either pranlukast, loratadine, fluticasone, loratadine + fluticasone, loratadine + pranlukast, fluticasone + pranlukast, or loratadine + fluticasone + pranlukast. clinical symptoms, immunoglobulin (ig)g1, ovalbumin (ova)-specific and total ige, leukotriene (lt)b4, ltc4, histamine, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (tslp) serum levels, and interleukin 4 levels in the nasal lavage fluid were determined. the expressions of hrh1, cyslt1r, nlr3, caspase-1, and muc5a were studied. allergic symptoms (nasal rubbing and sneezing), serum igs (igg1, total and ova-specific ige), eicosanoids (ltb4 and ltc4), histamine, tslp, and il-4 as well as gene expressions of muc5a, caspase-1, nlr3, hrh1, and cyslt1r were reduced in the animals receiving each of the therapeutic regimens; however, more pronounced effects were seen in the group treated with the triple combined protocol (loratadine + fluticasone + pranlukast). the combination of the loratadine, fluticasone, and pranlukast can effectively control the symptoms of ar probably via modulating several related mechanisms at the early and late phases of allergic responses.