شبیه‌سازی هیدرولیکی شکست سدهای خاکی: (بخش اول: توسعه مدل)

اﻣﺮوزه ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ ، اﻧﺮژی اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﺴﯿﺘﻪ، ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺳﻔﺮه ﻫﺎی زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﯿﻼب ﻫﺎ از اﻫﺪاف ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﮑﺴﺖ ﺳﺪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ رﻫﺎﺳﺎزی ﺣﺠﻢ ﻋﻈﯿﻢ آب ﻣﻨﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺗﻠﻔﺎت ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮی در ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦدﺳﺖ ﮔﺮدد. ﻟﺬا ﺑﺎ ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزی اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه اﻣﮑﺎن آﮔﺎهﮐﺮدن ﻣﺪ ﯾﺮان از اﺑﻌﺎد ﺧﺴﺎرات اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ، ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮی و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻣﯿﺴﺮ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﮑﯽ ﺷﮑﺴﺖ ﺳﺪﻫﺎی ﺧﺎﮐﯽ ﺗﺒﺎرک آﺑﺎد و ﭼﻬﭽﻬﻪ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮی ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎی ﺷﮑﺴﺖ، روﻧﺪﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﯿﻼب ﺑﻪ ازای ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺷﮑﺴﺖ روﮔﺬری، رﮔﺎب و ﺷﮑﺴﺖ آﻧﯽ )اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺧﺮاﺑﮑﺎراﻧﻪ( و ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎی ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪی و ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎی ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻟﺬا ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ و ﻋﻤﻖ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﺳﯿﻼب ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺷﮑﺴﺖ ﺳﺪ، زﻣﺎن رﺳﯿﺪن اوﻟﯿﻦ اﺛﺮات ﺳﯿﻞ و ﭘﻬﻨﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ زﯾﺮ آب ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ رﻓﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﺎی ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎی ﮐﺎﻣﭙ ﯿﻮﺗﺮی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ داده ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار mathematicaﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ در ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار breachاﻣﮑﺎن ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺑﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﮑﺴﺖ ﺗﺪرﯾﺠﯽ ﺳﺪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﯾﮏ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﮑﺮاری را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. در اداﻣﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻏ ﯿﺮداﺋﻤﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺷﮑﺴﺖ ﺳﺪ در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار hec-ras)دوﺑﻌﺪی( اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪﻋﻼوه ﮐﺪ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮی ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ را ﻗﺎدر ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﯿﻞﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﯿﺪروﮔﺮاف ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ از ﺳﺪ ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻣﺮﺗﺐﺳﺎزی ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ اﯾﺪهآل )topsis( اﻧﺠﺎم داده ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آن، دو ﻣﻌﯿﺎر اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﺮای ﻫﺮ ﻫﯿﺪروﮔﺮاف ﯾﻌﻨﯽ زﻣﺎن دﺑﯽ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ و ﻣﻘﺪار دﺑ ﯽ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪی ﺳﯿﻼب ﻧ ﺎﺷﯽ از ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﺑﺮای دو ﺣﺎﻟﺖ زﺑﺮی ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ و ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﮑﯽ آن ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺷﺎﯾﺎن ذﮐﺮ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺑﺨﺶ دوم اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﯾﺴﮏ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻘﺎط آﺳﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮ اراﺋﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ.

hydraulic simulation of the failure of the embankment dams: (part 1: model development)

in the present study, the hydraulic failure of two embankment dams (the tabarakabad and cahcahe dams, the khorasan razavi province) has been studied. by modeling the failure phenomenon of the dams, failure parameters, flood routing for different scenarios such as overtopping, piping and sudden failures, zoning maps of velocity and depth of flood wave, arrival time of the flood peak and areas that will be submerged have been considered. in this study, a computer program is developed in the context of the mathematica software, which with the help of the breach software results to analysis gradual failure of the dams through an iterative process. minimum and maximum roughness conditions have been considered in the analysis of unsteady flow dam failure in the hec ras software. the results of flood zoning due to different failure scenarios have also been evaluated. it is worth mentioning that in the second part of this article, risk analysis and identification of vulnerabilities will provide.