بررسی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه ذرت دانه‌ای (zea mays) تحت تاثیر سطوح مختلف آبیاری بخشی ریشه و بیوچار

ﮔﯿﺎه ذرت ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭘﺮﻣﺤﺼﻮلﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻏﻼت ﺑﻌﺪ از ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺑﺮﻧﺞ، ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ. ﮐﻢ آﺑﯿﺎری ﯾﮑﯽ از راهﻫﺎی ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺼﺮف آب ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﯾﮑﯽ از روشﻫﺎی ﮐﻢآﺑﯿﺎری، آﺑﯿﺎری ﺑﻪ روش آﺑﯿﺎری ﺑﺨﺸﯽ رﯾﺸﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮای ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺧﺎک ﻣﯽﺗﻮان از ﮐﻮدﻫﺎی آﻟﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﯿﻮﭼﺎر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﻢآﺑﯿﺎری ﺑﺨﺸﯽ رﯾﺸﻪ در دو ﺳﻄﺢ 65و 55درﺻﺪ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ آﺑﯿﺎری ﮐﺎﻣﻞ و ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﯿﻮﭼﺎر )ﺻﻔﺮ، 6و 12ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰای ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎه ذرت داﻧﻪای در دو ﻓﺼﻞ زراﻋﯽ در ﺗﻬﺮان اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 65درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر آﺑﯿﺎری ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداری ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﯿﻮﭼﺎر ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ذرت ﺷﺪه، ﺑﻪﻃﻮریﮐﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻣﺼﺮف 12ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﯿﻮﭼﺎر دارای ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 11559ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻮده و ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻋﺪم ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﯿﻮﭼﺎر دارای ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 8253ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻘﺪار وزن ﻫﺰارداﻧﻪ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻣﺼﺮف 12ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﯿﻮﭼﺎر ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎی ﺑﺪون ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﯿﻮﭼﺎر و ﻣﺼﺮف 6ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﯿﻮﭼﺎر ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 40و 10درﺻﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻘﺪار ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎی آﺑﯿﺎری ﮐﺎﻣﻞ و آﺑﯿﺎری ﺑﺨﺸﯽ رﯾﺸﻪ 65درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداری ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻣﻘﺪار آن در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر آﺑﯿﺎری ﺑﺨﺸﯽ رﯾﺸﻪ 55درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮد. اﺛﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎی آﺑﯿﺎری و ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ ﺳﺎل در آﺑﯿﺎری ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺷﺪ.

assessing the yield and yield components of maize (zea mays) under different levels of partial root irrigation and biochar

maize is one of the most productive grains following wheat and rice. in this regard, the so called low irrigation is considered as a method to save and manage water consumption. one of the low irrigation practices is an irrigation method under which only a part of the root is irrigated. improve the soil condition is the use of organic fertilizers, including biochar. research was aimed to investigate the effect of different partial root irrigation treatments at two levels of 65 and 55 percent and to compare them with full irrigation. it was also aimed to use and compare different levels of biochar applications (0, 6 and 12 tons per hectare) on yield and yield components of maize in two cropping seasons. the yield components, grain yield and biomass of maize plants were measured after harvesting. the harvest index as well as the leaf area index was also calculated. the obtained results indicated that the treatment of 65 percent water demand was not significantly different from the full irrigation treatment in terms of grain yield. the increased quantity of applied biochar was led to increasing the maize seeds, so that, the treatment using 12 tons of biochar per hectare has the highest seed yield . the treatment without biochar has the lowest seed yield . the weight of 1,000 seeds in the treatment using 12 tons per hectare of biochar was 40 percent and 10 percent higher than the treatments without biochar and the one with 6 tons per hectare of biochar, respectively.