بررسی تغییرات کمی و کیفی (ٍec) آب زیرزمینی در دشت رفسنجان

دﺷﺖ رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن در اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎن ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ و ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ اﯾﺮان واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه، از ﺑﺎﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮐﺸﻮر در زﻣﯿﻨﻪی ﮐﺸﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮده و ﻋﻤﺪه اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﺳﺎﮐﻨﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﺎ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺑﯽروﯾﻪ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ ﺑﺮای ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزی و ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺗﮑﺎء آﺑﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ زﯾﺮﮐﺸﺖ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﺑﻬﺮهوری ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزی ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﺻﻠﯽ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎی اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ آب در دﺷﺖ رﻓﺴﻨﺠﺎن، در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ )ec( آب اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ در دو دﻫﻪ اﺧﯿﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺤﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﮔﺮدآوری اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ادارات ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺣﻔﺮ و ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداری از ﭼﺎهﻫﺎ، ﺳﻄﺢ آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮده، ﻋﻤﻖ ﭼﺎهﻫﺎ و ﺳﻄﺢ اﯾﺴﺘﺎﺑﯽ از زﻣﯿﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮده و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب ﻧﯿﺰ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ زﯾﺎدی ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮرﯾﮑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺑﯽروﯾﻪ آب ﭼﺎه ﻫﺎ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﺼﻮب ﯾﺎ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎی 1381-97ﺳﻄﺢ اﯾﺴﺘﺎﺑﯽ از زﻣﯿﻦ ﺣﺪود 13ﻣﺘﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و از 63ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ 76ﻣﺘﺮ رﺳﯿﺪه و ﺣﺪود 1000 واﺣﺪ ec ﯾﺎ ﺳﺨﺘﯽ و ﺷﻮری آب اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ.

investigating quantitative and qualitative (ec) changes of underground water in rafsanjan plain

rafsanjan plain in kerman province, which is located in the arid and semi arid region of iran, is one of the oldest regions in the country in the field of economic pistachio cultivation, and the majority of the economy of the residents of these areas is directly dependent on pistachio crop cultivation. indiscriminate extraction of underground water resources, mainly for the consumption of the agricultural sector and pistachio crops, has caused a sharp decrease in the quantity and quality of underground water in the region. the quantitative and qualitative reduction of underground water as the only reliable source of water in the region has caused a decrease in the area under cultivation, the amount of production and productivity of the agricultural sector as the main source of the region's economy, and many economic, social and environmental consequences. considering the vital importance of water in the rafsanjan plain, in this research, the quantitative and qualitative changes (ec) of water in this area in the last two decades have been investigated and studied. information has been collected through interviews with experts and analysis of data available in the relevant departments. the results of the study show that along with the increase in the drilling and exploitation of wells, the underground water level has decreased, the depth of the wells and the water level have increased, and the water quality has also decreased.