A review on combined biological effects of microwave and other physical or chemical agents

With the development of science and technology, microwave has been usedin many fields such as industry, military, medicine and communication.people are living in a lapped and dynamic electromagnetic environment.concerns about potential hazards of microwave are geting increasinga entions. the single biological effects of microwave were widely discussedwhich was considered harmful. relevant safety standards had beenformulated and applied. however, the real environment was more complex.microwave was not the only factor that organisms might be affected. otherphysical or chemical factors, such as ionizing radiation (ir), ultraviolet (uv),magnetic field and chemical drugs, o-en existed with the microwaveradiation. even the microwave itself could create combined exposuresituation, because the environment consisted different frequencymicrowaves. nuclear weapons and high-power radar could producemicrowave and ionizing radiation. the ultraviolet ray and magnetic fieldgenerated by the instrument's operation could act on the human bodiesalong with the microwaves. the combination of radiofrequency therapy andchemotherapeutic agents was also commonly used in cancer therapy.therefore, the combined biological effects of microwaves and other physicalor chemical factors were very important. this review had covered the originalarticles in this aspect. in order to be er understand the combined biologicaleffects, the comparative studies of different frequency microwaves were alsoincluded. differences in biological effects were found among differentfrequency microwaves, and the combined biological effects contained bothhazards and benefits. findings in combined biological effects were verypractical for rational uses of microwave technologies.