efficacy of intrauterine infusion of granulocyte colony stimulating factor on patients with history of implantation failure: a randomized control trial

Background: although pregnancy rate in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (ivf-et) cycles has been increased over the preceding years, but the majority of ivf-et cycles still fail. granulocyte colony stimulating factor (gcsf) is a glycoprotein that stimulates cytokine growth factor and induces immune system which may improve pregnancy rate in women with history of implantation failure. objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate gcsf ability to improve pregnancy rate in women with history of implantation failure materials and methods: 0.5 ml (300 μg/ml) gcsf was infused intrauterine in intervention group. pregnancy outcomes were assessed based on clinical pregnancy. results: the mean age of participants was 31.95±4.71 years old. there were no significant differences between demographic characteristics in two groups (p>0.05). the pregnancy outcome in gcsf group was improved significantly (p=0.043). conclusion: gcsf can improve pregnancy outcome in patients with history of implantation failure.