investigating the effect of high-dose vitamin d3 administration on inflammatory biomarkers in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: a randomized clinical trial

Background: traumatic brain injury (tbi) is one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide. we aimed to investigate the efficacy of high-dose vitamin d3 on inflammatory biomarkers in patients with moderate to severe tbi. methods: thirty-five moderate to severe tbi patients were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. patients in the intervention group received a single intramuscular (im) dose of 300,000 iu vitamin d. the primary endpoints were interleukin levels (il-1β and il-6), and the secondary endpoints were changes in neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (nlr), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (plr), glasgow coma scale (gcs), and glasgow outcome scale-extended (gos-e) scores compared between intervention and control arms of the study. the linear generalized estimating equations were used for trend analysis and evaluating the association of independent factors to each outcome.results: the results revealed a significant decrease in il-1β levels (-2.71±3.02, in the intervention group: p=0.001 vs. -0.14±3.70, in the control group: p=0.876) and il-6 (-88.05±148.45, in the intervention group: p=0.0001 vs. -35.54±175.79, in the control group: p=0.325) 3 days after the intervention. the improvement in the gcs score (p=0.001), reduction in nlr (p=0.001) and plr (p=0.002), and improvement in the gos-e score (p=0.039) was found to be greater in the vitamin d3 arm of the study than the control group.conclusion: administration of high-dose vitamin d3 in the acute phase of tbi could be effective in lowering the inflammatory markers and improving the level of consciousness and long-term performance outcomes.trial registration number: irct20180522039777n2.