seasonal variation in physico-chemical characteristics of domestic wastewater in himachal pradesh: a case study

The present study is based on data collection from some of the wwtps (wastewater treatment plants) of the himachal pradesh region, and to investigate the range of physico-chemical characteristics of conventional wwtps, which receive wastewater from different zones in different cities in himachal pradesh. five parameters are measured and analyzed in this research work. they are ph, suspended solids (mg/l), biological oxygen demand (mg/l), chemical oxygen demand (mg/l), and oil and grease (mg/l). the parameters are compared seasonally to help improve the performance, and operational conditions of wwtps are with the standard parameters range according to apha (american public health association), standard examination methods of water, and wastewater seasonal in parameters. seasonal variations in physico-chemical properties are noticeable. the study analyzes the physico-chemical parameters of wastewater from various sewage treatment plants (stps) across six districts in himachal pradesh, india, revealing variations in water quality across different seasons and locations. the study highlights the need for proper treatment and management of wastewater to prevent environmental pollution and protect public health. the findings could be useful for the policy-makers and authorities responsible for wastewater management in the region.