investigation of fracture toughness of shotcrete using semi-circular bend test and notched brazilian disc test; experimental test and numerical approach

This work presents the semi-circular bend (scb) test and notched brazilian disc (nbd) test of shotcrete using experimental test and particle flow code in two-dimensions (pfc2d) in order to determine a relation between mode i fracture toughness and the tensile strength of shotcrete. firstly, the micro-parameters of flat joint model are calibrated using the results of shotcrete experimental test (uniaxial compressive strength and splitting tensile test). secondly, numerical models with edge notch (scb model) and internal notch (nbd model) with diameter of 150 mm are prepared. notch lengths are 20 mm, 30 mm, and 40 mm.  the tests are performed by the loading rate of 0.016 mm/s. tensile strength of shotcrete is 3.25 mpa. the results obtained show that by using the flat joint model, it is possible to determine the crack growth path and crack initiation stress similar to the experimental one. mode i fracture toughness is constant by increasing the notch length. mode i fracture toughness and tensile strength of shotcrete can be related to each other by the equation, σt = 6.78 kic. the scb test yields the lowest fracture toughness due to pure tensile stress distribution on failure surface.