effect of segmental joint stiffness on tunnel lining internal forces under static conditions

According to the wide application of segmental lining in mechanized tunneling, recognizing the behavior of segmental lining joints is important in tunnels designing. in the structural analysis of the tunnel segmental lining, segmental joints can be considered as elastic joints, and their stiffness characteristics are affected by the rotational, shear, and axial stiffness. the purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of the rotational, shear, and axial stiffness of segmental lining joints on the internal forces (bending moment and axial force) under the static conditions. for this purpose, a 3d numerical analysis was carried out using the abaqus software. the results obtained show that by increasing the rotational stiffness of the segmental joint, the bending moment increases, and for lower values of rotational stiffness, the bending moment variations are higher, while the axial force variations are very slight in comparison with the bending moment. by increasing the axial and shear stiffness of the segmental joint, changes of the bending moment and axial force in segmental lining are negligible.