apically extruded debris and irrigants during root canal filling material removal using reciproc blue, waveone gold, r-endo and protaper next systems

Background. the present study aimed to compare the amount of apically extruded debris and irrigants produced by various nickel-titanium instruments. methods. a total of 100 single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were root canal treated and prepared for agar gel model. the root canal fillings were removed using reciproc blue, protaper next, r-endo, waveone gold systems or hand instru-mentation. the mean weights of apically extruded materials were calculated. data were statistically analyzed using one-way anova and post hoc bonferroni tests. results. hand instrumentation resulted in significantly more debris and irrigants than other systems (p<0.05). the mean amount of apically extruded debris and irrigants produced by reciproc blue system was significantly greater than motor-driven instruments (p<0.05). no significant difference was detected between protaper next and waveone gold systems (p>0.05), while they both produced significantly less apically extruded material than r-endo system (p<0.05). conclusion. all the instruments caused apical extrusion. protaper next and waveone gold systems were associated with significantly less apical extrusion.